linux stat命令詳解
linux stat命令詳解
linux stat命令是linux下的一個(gè)命令，那么它的基本用法是怎樣的呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理了linux stat命令命令的相關(guān)知識，希望對大家有幫助。
linux stat命令功能說明
顯示inode內(nèi)容。
linux stat命令語法
stat [文件或目錄]
補(bǔ)充說明
stat以文字的格式來顯示inode的內(nèi)容。
ls 命令及其許多參數(shù)提供了一些非常有用的文件信息。另一個(gè)不太為人所熟知的命令 stat 提供了一些更為有用的信息。
下面演示了如何對可執(zhí)行文件“oracle”(位于 $ORACLE_HOME/bin 目錄下)使用此命令。
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
# stat oracle
File: `oracle'
Size: 93300148 Blocks:182424 IO Block:4096 Regular File
Device: 343h/835d Inode: 12009652 Links: 1
Access: (6751/-rwsr-s--x) Uid:( 500/ oracle) Gid:( 500/ dba)
Access: 2006-08-04 04:30:52.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2005-11-02 11:49:47.000000000 -0500
Change: 2005-11-02 11:55:24.000000000 -0500
注意使用該命令獲得的信息：除了通常的文件大小(也可以使用 ls -l 命令獲得)以外，您還獲得了該文件占用的塊數(shù)。通常的 Linux 塊大小為 512 字節(jié)，因此一個(gè)大小為 93,300,148 字節(jié)的文件將占用 (93300148/512=) 182226.85 個(gè)塊。由于塊都是完整占用，因此該文件使用了一些整數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)的塊。無需猜測就可以獲得確切的塊數(shù)。
您還可以從以上輸出中獲得文件所有權(quán)的 GID 和 UID，以及權(quán)限的八進(jìn)制表示形式 (6751)。如果要將文件恢復(fù)到它現(xiàn)在具有的相同權(quán)限，可以使用 chmod 6751 oracle，而不是顯式拼寫這些權(quán)限。
以上輸出最有用的部分是文件訪問時(shí)間戳信息。該輸出顯示，該文件被訪問的時(shí)間是 2006-08-04 04:30:52(顯示在“Access:”的旁邊)，即 2006 年 8 月 4 日上午 4:30:52。這是某個(gè)人開始使用數(shù)據(jù)庫的時(shí)間。該文件的date.html' target='_blank'>修改時(shí)間是 2005-11-02 11:49:47(顯示在“Modify:”的旁邊)。最后，“Change:”旁邊的時(shí)間戳顯示文件狀態(tài)更改的時(shí)間。
stat 命令的修改符 -f 顯示了有關(guān)文件系統(tǒng)(而非文件)的信息：
# stat -f oracle
File: "oracle"
ID: 0 Namelen:255 Type:ext2/ext3
Blocks: Total: 24033242 Free: 15419301 Available: 14198462 Size: 4096
Inodes: Total: 12222464 Free: 12093976
另一個(gè)選項(xiàng) -t 顯示了完全相同的信息，只不過是在一行中顯示的：
# stat -t oracle
oracle 93300148 182424 8de9 500 500 343 12009652 1 0 0 1154682061
1130950187 1130950524 4096
Everything in Unix is treated as files. This includes devices, directories and sockets — all of these are files. Stat command displays file or filesystem status as explained in this article.
File Stat – Display Information About File
For example, to find out more information about 101hacks.txt file, execute the stat command as shown below.
$ stat 101hacks.txt
File: `/home/sathiyamoorthy/101hacks.txt'
Size: 854 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 1058122 Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 1000/ sathiya) Gid: ( 1000/ sathiya)
Access: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Modify: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Change: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Details of Linux Stat Command Output
File: `/home/sathiyamoorthy/101hacks.txt’ – Absolute path name of the file.
Size: 854 – File size in bytes.
Blocks: 8 – Total number of blocks used by this file.
IO Block: 4096 – IO block size for this file.
regular file – Indicates the file type. This indicates that this is a regular file. Following are available file types.
regular file. ( ex: all normal files ).
directory. ( ex: directories ).
socket. ( ex: sockets ).
symbolic link. ( ex: symbolic links. )
block special file ( ex: hard disk ).
character special file. ( ex: terminal device file ).
Device: 801h/2049d – Device number in hex and device number in decimal
Inode: 1058122 – Inode number is a unique number for each file which is used for the internal maintenance by the file system.
Links: 1 – Number of links to the file
Access: (0600/-rw——-): Access specifier displayed in both octal and character format. Let us see explanation about both the format.
Uid: ( 1000/ sathiya) – File owner’s user id and user name are displayed.
Gid: ( 1000/ sathiya) – File owner’s group id and group name are displayed.
Access: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last access time of the file.
Modify: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last modification time of the file.
Change: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last change time of the inode data of that file.
Dir Stat – Display Information About Directory
You can use the same command to display the information about a directory as shown below.
$ stat /home/ramesh
File: `/home/ramesh'
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 5521409 Links: 7
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 401/ramesh) Gid: ( 401/ramesh)
Access: 2009-01-01 12:17:42.000000000 -0800
Modify: 2009-01-01 12:07:33.000000000 -0800
Change: 2009-01-09 12:07:33.000000000 -0800