英語祈使句的用法(2)
英語祈使句的用法
Do give my regards to your parents!務(wù)必/一定代我向你父母問好!祈使句的否定形式是在整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之前加don’t或never.如:
Don’t you be nervous!你不要緊張!
以let為引導(dǎo)詞的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us/me后加not.如:
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱們別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論這事了!
Let’s not say anything about it!這事咱們誰也別說!
但英式英語也用這樣的表達(dá):Don’t let’s say anything about it.
三、祈使句的反意疑問句
1.祈使句的反意疑問部分為肯定形式,要用shall,will.如:
Pass me the book,will you?
2.Let’s表示第一人稱的祈使句,反意疑問句為“Shall we?”.如:
Let’s forget it,shall we?
Let’s go for a walk,shall we?
3.Let me和Let us 表示第二人稱的祈使句,反意疑問句為“will you?”.如:
Let us go for a walk,will you?
4.其它行為動(dòng)詞引起的祈使句,無論其陳述部分是否定還是肯定的祈使句,多用“will you?”,表一種客氣的語氣.如:
Listen to me,will you?
Don’t tell anyone about it,will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有時(shí)也用“won’t you?”表“提醒對(duì)方注意”或表“邀請(qǐng)”.如:
Have a cup of coffee,won’t you?
Come in and take a seat,won’t you/will you?
四、祈使句用于兩個(gè)重要句型中
1.“祈使句+and+表結(jié)果的陳述句”用來敘述肯定的條件.
2.“祈使句+or(else)+表結(jié)果的陳述句”用來敘述否定的條件,or(else)表示“否則;要不然”.試比較:
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train.(=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)
五、祈使句由直接引語變成間接引語
當(dāng)祈使句由直接引語變成間接引語時(shí),其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“ask/request/tell/order sb(not)to do sth”.如:
“Speak loudly,please!” the teacher said to me.(=The teacher asked me to speak loudly.)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom.(=He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room.)