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小學(xué)生英語語法

時(shí)間: 詩盈1200 分享

  語法是英語考試的重中之重,英語語法要多練習(xí)多背誦,多多練習(xí),就可以提高成績了哦。

  一、語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

  1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.

  2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

  3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

  4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.

  5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.

  6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)

  二:形容詞比較級

  當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:

  什么 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

  I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

  An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

  形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

  ① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

 ?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

  ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

 ?、?雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

  注意

  比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西.

  典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)

  比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.

  應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

  三:動詞過去式

  動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

  A,規(guī)則動詞

 ?、?一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

 ?、?以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

 ?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

 ?、?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

  B,不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

  are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

  四:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

 ?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

 ?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

 ?、?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

  五、小學(xué)英語人稱代詞主格及賓格

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。

  Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

  主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

  Excuse me (me 賓格)

  I ask him to go (him 賓格)

  They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

  主格(8個(gè)):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

  賓格(8個(gè)):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

  六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類

  1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

  如:I'm a student.

  She is a doctor.

  He works in a hospital.

  There are four fans in our classroom.

  2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

  如:I'm not a student.

  He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

  There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

  注意小結(jié):

  否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

  3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

  如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.

  Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.

  Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

  Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

  注意小結(jié):

  一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,

 ?、侔褎釉~be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.

  ②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.

  這三個(gè)助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.

  4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

  What is this?

  Where are you going?

  Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

  When do you usually get up?

  Why do you like spring best ?

  How are you?


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