初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
為了幫助大家強(qiáng)化英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的記憶,下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解,供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解:定語(yǔ)從句
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語(yǔ)指人,whom作賓語(yǔ)指人,that既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,只用作定語(yǔ)。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。
2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,例如:
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開(kāi)了。(which / that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
注意: 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:
a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí);
b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;
c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);
d)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);
e)整個(gè)句中前面已有which,who,that時(shí);
f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語(yǔ)時(shí);
g)先行詞為one時(shí);
h)先行詞同時(shí)又被the only,the very,the same修飾時(shí);
二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1、when指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ) ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解:虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be通常用were),主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí)上我不可能是你)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話(huà)號(hào)碼,我就可以給她打電話(huà)了。(事實(shí)上我不知道)
2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句:主語(yǔ)+had done , 主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done ,例如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動(dòng)身太遲了)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。 (事實(shí):去晚了)
3、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
從句:①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do 主句:①主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do
?、趇f+主語(yǔ)+did/were ②主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do
?、踚f+主語(yǔ)+should+do ③主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do
例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去嗎?(大概他不會(huì)去)
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話(huà),我就跟他談?wù)劇?(事實(shí):來(lái)的可能性很小)
注意與說(shuō)明:對(duì)于與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情形,請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
一是這里說(shuō)的與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,實(shí)為對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè);
二是此用法中的條件從句謂語(yǔ)除用過(guò)去式外,有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬(wàn)一”)或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè));
三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語(yǔ)時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)除可用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣外,也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣或祈使語(yǔ)氣。如:
I should see him, I'll tell him. 萬(wàn)一我見(jiàn)到他,我就告訴他。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬(wàn)一明天下雨,就別等我了。
二、wish 后賓語(yǔ)從句
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 。例如:
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實(shí):我根本比不上你)
2、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:had+done 例如:
I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那時(shí)就知道這件事情的真相。(事實(shí):那時(shí)還不知道)
3、表示將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:should/would(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) + 動(dòng)詞原形
I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。(事實(shí):很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了)