契訶夫英文簡(jiǎn)介
安東·巴甫洛維奇·契(qì)訶(hē)夫,俄國(guó)的世界級(jí)短篇小說(shuō)巨匠，是俄國(guó)19世紀(jì)末期最后一位批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義藝術(shù)大師，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的契訶夫英文簡(jiǎn)介，希望對(duì)你有用!
安東·巴甫洛維奇·契訶夫簡(jiǎn)介
Antonio Pavlovich (hì) (January 29, 1860 - July 15, 1904) is Russia's world-class short story master, is the last one of the late 19th century Russia Criticism of realism art master, and the French writer Maupassant and American writer Ou Henry called "the world's three short novelists", is a strong sense of humor writer, his novel compact refining, concise, to the reader to independent thinking Of the room. The play has had a great influence on the 19th century drama. He insisted on the tradition of realism, focusing on describing the daily life of the Russian people, shaping the typical character of the little people, to truly reflect the situation of Russian society at that time. The two major features of his work are the mockery of the ugly phenomenon and the deep sympathy for the poor, and his work mercilessly exposes the irrational social system and the ugliness of the society under the tsar rule. He was considered an outstanding representative of Russian realist literature at the end of the 19th century.
安東·巴甫洛維奇·契訶夫生平經(jīng)歷
In 1860, Chekhov (Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов) was born on January 29th in the Russian town of Rostovsk, Russia. Rank three in the six children living at home. His grandfather and his father were serfs, by virtue of their own hard work and wisdom, Chekhov's grandfather Ye Guofu de Chekhov when he was on behalf of the owner of the owner of the sugar factory manager, and gradually accumulated a sum Money, and finally in 1841 for his family ransom. Chekhov's father, Pavier Yeluo Luoweiqi Chekhov, was free to marry a daughter named Yevgeny's clothing businessman, who was the owner of the grocery store in Taganroge. Orthodox is very devout and even fanatical, which Chekhov later compassion has a deep impact. The father's shop is bleak, which makes Chekhov's hard life from childhood. Father is very harsh on the child, often beaten. In spite of this, Chekhov is always filial to his parents. His mother often tells stories to his children and speaks well. She speaks mainly of her and her clothing businessman's father travels throughout the story of Russia. Chekhov grew up like comedy and performance, which laid the foundation for his later playwright's road. Chekhov later said: "Our talent from our father, but our soul from the mother." In 1867, he entered a local Greek primary school.
In 1879, Chekhov completed high school, went to Moscow and family reunion. Where he received a scholarship to enter the Moscow University Department of Medicine. At the end of the year, he wrote a short story "A letter to a learned neighbor", which was his debut.
In 1880, due to family difficulties, Chekhov began to literary journalist identity for some humorous publications to write some short humor works, in order to maintain life, he began his literary career. The artistic value of these funny works is not very high, but the readability is very strong, but also can be seen at the time of the magazine procuratorial organs. He gradually has a group of readers. Gradually, his fame began to spread. However, his early humor works also have some of the shortcomings, satirical social bad phenomenon and the world's masterpiece. In March 1880, he published the short story "A letter to the learned neighbor" in the "dragonfly" magazine, became his fame. At that time he was on the first year of the university, and his name was "Antaixu Cheong" (Антоша Чехонте). The text is ironic and ignorant of an old-fashioned landlord, who has been dissatisfied, and has been warmly welcomed by the reader (it is evident that he has been influenced by a large number of popular humor magazines in Russia at that time). At this point he was written very quickly, the number of works a lot. Soon many people know that there is such a love sarcastic author, he also attracted the attention of some famous writers. He began to literary journalist identity to the "dragonfly", "tidbits" and other magazines contribution, with the pen name. He continued his own habits after his fame. In 1880, after his debut, he became acquainted with the famous landscape painter Leviathan and became a cross.
In 1885, he created and published "boots", "Ma surname", "where card", "lost people", "premeditated guilty", "fiance and father (modern sketch)", "guests (a scene) "" Expensive dog "," paper can not wrap fire "," hum, these passengers! "," Prishbie Yev Sergeant "," hunter "," sad "and other short stories. He also began to try to create the script. In 1883, he published some of the early creation of short stories: "fat and thin", "happy", "on the nail", "the winner of the triumphantly (a retired fourteen product official story)" , "The death of a small civil servant" (Смерть чиновника), "uneven mirror", "mystery of the same character", "webmaster", these works laid his position in the Russian literary world. In 1884 graduated from Chekhov University, received a Bachelor of Medicine degree and practicing medicine license. This year, he also published a number of short stories: "civil exam", "wearing a mask of people", "chameleon" (Хамелеон), "surgery." He in the "chameleon" in its satire to use the most vividly. His creation began to turn to the hardships of workers living, art is also rising. This year, he published his first book, The Story of Mel Pomeranian (Сказки Мельпомены), which collected six short stories published in humorous journals. The publication of the book reinforces his determination in literary creation. After he graduated from college, he gave himself to this position: "Doctor is my career, writing is my hobby."
In 1886, he published short stories such as "ladies", "happy people", "in the villa", "romantic stories of cello", "a work of art", "white mouth", and " (Тоска), "where card" (Ванька) and "diners", "principals" series of short stories. This is the "distress" and "where card" is the early creation of a thought and artistic leap, he no longer write a humorous story inside. Then, he published a short story collection "Motley story", which includes the famous "distress", "where card", especially the former, about a lost old horse coachman nowhere to talk about their own depression, but Tell the story of your horse. This work language simple, emotional and sincere, and later by many famous unanimously appreciated. New Zealand short storykeeper Catherine Mansfield even said, "If the French all the short stories are destroyed, and" depressed "to stay, I will not feel a pity." This year, a humble name The writer of Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich (Дмитрий Васильевич Григорович) discovered Chekhov's talent and wrote a letter to him, sure that his literary talent was his encouragement. He is full of his talent, hope he cherishes his talent, so that his own creative attitude more rigorous, more meaningful works (this person is therefore known as the "famous writer"). Chekhov was inspired, began to treat the writing with a serious attitude, and later began to write a series of profound ideas of the masterpiece. This year, he wrote more than one hundred short stories. Also this year, his script creation attempts finally have the result: "on the tobacco hazards", which is a relaxed comedy.
In 1887, Chekhov traveled to the eastern part of Ukraine due to overwork and poor health. After the trip came back, he wrote the novella "Prairie" (Степь). Also this year, his creation peak arrived. This year, he published the "typhoid", "kiss", "Volvo", "calamity", "wedding", "fugitive", "helpless" and other excellent short stories. He also published the popular comedy "idiot" and the four comedy "Ivanov". Then he published the novel "At Dusk", for the first time in this book, and gave it to Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich.
In 1888, he published the novella "Prairie" (Степь) in the serious literary journal "The Northern Guide" (Северный вестник). This work is quite well received, marking his farewell to the creation of comedy novels, is his mature sign. He was awarded the "Pushkin Gold Award" by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Then he created another short essay masterpiece "insanity".
In February 1889, "Ivanov" performed at the Royal Theater in Petersburg. Then he published the novel "The Meaningless Story". Then, he wrote a single-act comedy "marry" and the four comedy "Lin God". Has become a well-known playwright, he joined the playwright association founded by Alexander Ostrovsky.
From April to September in 1890, Chekhov was alone, first by train, after riding, by boat, came to the political prisoners to carry out field visits. The horrific horrors of the hell on the island and the poverty of the city of Siberia left a deep impression on Chekhov, making him a deeper understanding of the darkness of the reality, gradually changing the mentality of politics, The insider of the Russian autocratic system, the famous novella "Sixth Ward" (Палата №6) and the report literature "Sakhalin Travel" are the products after this study. This year, he published a short story "thief", "Geshev", created a single-act comedy "forced the tragic role", "married."
In 1891, he created and published the short story "village", novella "duel", the only comedy "anniversary", which "duel" is the first in the history of literature to Leo Tolstoy "Do not anti-evil" point of view to challenge the literary works. This year, Chekhov will focus on drama creation, but did not stop the novel creation.
In 1892, he created and published "jumping and jumping woman", "neighbor" and "sixth ward" (Палата № 6). "Sixth ward" is a major social issue, the fierce criticism of the tsar dictatorship tyranny, against the spirit of the people of the destruction, works of language simple, depressed atmosphere, fine writing, but thoughtful. Lenin read the work after the young "feel terrible", that he "seems to have been locked in the sixth ward." "Sixth Ward" marks the turning point of Chekhov's creation, a great achievement after his trip to Sakhalin Island. Since then, Chekhov's short stories have a stronger social, critical spirit and democratic spirit, the art is not the slightest weakening. "Sixth ward" also adhering to the "duel" spirit, Leo Tolstoy's "do not fight against evil" thought more violent impact. This year, he carried out a trip abroad, to Venice, Florence, Rome, Paris travel.
In 1893, he authored and published the short story "Anonymous Story" and "Great Volga and Little Volga". This year, he was in the care of patients infected with tuberculosis (then tuberculosis is almost incurable), for which he went to Nice to cultivate.
In 1894, he created and published in the short story "a woman's heaven and earth", "black monks", "college students", and the report of literature "Sakhalin travel". "Sakhalin Travel" directed at the dictatorship of the Russian Communist Party and the oppression of the political prisoners.
In 1895, he authored and published the short story "Anna", "murder", "white forehead" hanging around his neck, and finished the four-act comedy "ɡа й ка" (Чайка).
In 1896, the comedy "Seagull" failed in the Royal Theater of Petersburg, and in the criticism of public opinion, the disappointed Chekhov once vowed never to create a script. Then he published the novella "My Life".
In 1897, he published short stories "Farmers", "Peggy Niger", "in the hometown", "in the cart" and so on. Then he violated the oath of the previous year and wrote the four-act drama "Uncle я я я" (Дядя Ваня), which reflects the scene of rural life. "Uncle Wan Niya" tells the story of a blind admirer on the "famous professor" despair and a want to benefit the future generations of rural doctors fantasy burst. The play is one of the masterpieces of Chekhov's plays, which have been performed several times at the Moscow Art Theater.
In 1898, he joined the Moscow Art Theater, met Golgi, and established a deep friendship with him. The two of them often study the development of drama and novels and study how to open up new ways for the development of Russian drama. He began with Konstantin Stanislavsky, Danqinko, who had a creative cooperation, the stage art has made significant changes. He also helped Stanislavsky form his own theory of drama. This year, he completed and published the novella "Yao Neiqi" (Ионыч), "people change mediocrity" made a profound artistic show. Then he created and published the "Short Trilogy": "Curcuma", "Heroes" (Человек в футляре), "The Story of the Aegean". These three novels laughed and criticized the vulgar phenomena and rigid thoughts in society. These works reflect the characteristics of Chekhov fiction: do not pursue the plot of the attractive, pay attention to the character of the shape, so that the character of the different characters to form a conflict and contradiction, and then reflect the social reality. Which makes his short stories can give readers a thought and long-term impressed. In the specific description, he said: "The more closely, the more compact, the more expressive, the more clear." Leo Tolstoy so very respected Chekhov, said: "He is like Impressionist painter , Seemingly meaningless, but there can not replace the artistic effect. "Gorky also said:" Russian short stories is Chekhov with Pushkin, Turgenev created together, they are 'can not match 'of."
In 1898, the comedy "Seagull" (Чайка) was staged at the Moscow Art Theater. Later, Gao Xiang's seagulls became the emblem of the Moscow Art Theater. This year, he traveled with Suvolin to travel to Western Europe. He supported Zola's just action in the Dreyfus case and thus alienated the opposite of Suvolin's relationship. After returning home, he moved to Yalta due to the deterioration of the tuberculosis condition, where he often associated with Leo Tolstoy, Gorky, Ivan Leccevic Puin (1933 Nobel Prize winner) and Kuplin and others communicate with each other. He had wanted to come to China with Golgi, but had to give up for health reasons. Yalta became the background of his novel "The Woman with Dog" (1899).
In 1899, he published his own novels such as "Baby", "New Villa", "Tolerance", "Dog with a Dog", and his "Uncle Uncle" (Дядя Ваня) at the Moscow Art Theater Staged.
In 1900, he created and published the four-act drama "Three Sisters" (Три сестры), as well as the short stories "at Christmas Festival", "in the Gorge". This year, he was elected honorary academician of the Russian Royal Academy of Sciences. In the same year, at Yalta met with Tolstoy.
In 1903, he completed the short story "The Barrier of Compensation", "The Bride Without Marriage" (the last novel he wrote and his most optimist novel), and a great tragedy "Cherry garden". In 1902 he published the short story "Bishop". This year, in order to protest against the decision of the Russian Royal Academy of Sciences unreasonably revoked the title of honorary title of Gorky, he and Corlonko issued a statement together to give up in 1900 the title of honorary academician. In 1901, he was in Yalta and played in the "seagull" in the heroine of the Olga Leon Leonardo Nuo Bier (Ольга Леонардовна Книппер, September 21, 1868 - May 22, 1959) marry.
Olga Leon Leonardo Kneibier also changed its name to Olga Leon Leonardo Nicholas - Chekhari (Ольга Леонардовна Книппер-Чехова). After marriage, Chekhov's health status, until three years after his death. This marriage is very short, because Chekhov's premature death, and only lasted four years, but Chekhov's wife after his death was not married. He married this year, that is, in 1901, his drama "Three Sisters" staged at the Moscow Art Theater.
On January 17, 1904, the "Cherry Orchard" premiered at the Moscow Art Theater, directed by Constantine Stanislavsky (Chekhov wanted to make it a comedy, but Stanislavsky Will be some farce elements have reservations, the drama into a tragedy) great success. In May, he appeared in severe asthma, for which he went to Germany in June Badenweiler convalescence, there was heart failure. July 15 (Russian calendar July 2), Chekhov died in Badenweiler. His body was shipped back to Russia and buried in Moscow.
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