巴赫簡(jiǎn)介英語(yǔ)
約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫，音樂(lè)史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱為“西方近代音樂(lè)之父”，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的巴赫簡(jiǎn)介英語(yǔ)，希望對(duì)你有用!
約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫簡(jiǎn)介
John Sebastian Bach (German: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685.3.21-1750.7.28), the Baroque German composer, the outstanding organ, the violin, the harpsichord. Bach is widely regarded as one of the most important composers in the history of music and is known as "the father of modern music in the West" and one of the most important figures in Western cultural history.
Bach was born in the middle of the city of central Thuringia, a music family in the city of Eisenach, in the lifetime is a famous palace music long, in the church of Leipzig in Leipzig, Germany spent the last 27 years.
Bach combines the musical styles of different ethnic groups in Western Europe. He set the essence of traditional music in Italy, France and Germany, and made the best of it.
Bach himself was not well known in his life and had been forgotten by the world in his fifty years after his death. But in the last half and a half years of his fame is growing, generally believed that he is the history of Western music, one of the greatest two or three composers, and some people think that he is one of the greatest composer.
約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格
Theme style
Bach's works are deep, tragic, broad, inner, full of the first half of the 18th century German real life atmosphere. He believes in religion and is a Lutheran. He wanted his music to serve the church, and most of his works were religious music. His music embodies the idea of living in the 18th century German ordinary citizens. He was deeply afflicted by the pain of life, rich and profound life experience, although he negative, yield, but also did not see the way to change life. He felt that a man must have a strong will, a noble belief, the spirit of self-sacrifice. This is the main content that Bach reflects in his art. His works from different angles, with a different image reflects the eighteenth century German people between the humanist ideology.
He is the last great religious artist, he believes that music is "praise the harmony of God's voice", praise God is the central content of human life. His music was originally produced by the Lutheran chant called the hymn. Through the melody you can see the composer combined with the prevailing popular voice. In the form of music he did not intend to innovate, but to push the existing form of the peak.
Bach's works contain certain philosophical and ethical meanings, but his manifestations are not abstract, dogmatic. On the contrary, in his works, the philosophy of philosophy is and lyrical, close to the scene, even though he did not like the use of a lot of modeling techniques, but in order to contrast a certain inner feelings, Bach does not avoid the use of natural scenery Depict (eg wind, river). Bach's music content of the ship's polarity determines his musical style of the version of the active and comprehensive. There is no difference between Bach's vocal style and instrumental style, and he creates a new style of vocal music.
Vocal works
He wrote a number of dramatic elements of the large-scale vocal works, including "Matthew", "b minor" is the most influential works. In these works, Bach as a devout Protestant, through religious forms of music (suffering, mass, scriptures, Cantata, etc.), to express the human disaster, the pain of compassion, sympathy and peace and happiness in the future The desire. Bach's vocal works are the most colorful in Cantata. Bata's Kantata inherited the tradition of the secular "Kang Lu Tata", which was close to the opera, and inherited the tradition of the religious Canta tower, which was close to the polyphonic chorus, to create a new type of acoustic tower. It is both in content and style than the old Cantata to be profound, rich and more.
Barthetta Tarta also has secular and religious distinctions. Most of his secular Cantata is written for the needs of official entertainment, the lyrics are mostly by some ancient Greek mythology to the nobility of the arrogant words of the boring words. But Bach is often beyond the scope of the lyrics, or to seize the individual is not the main words, by the play, written into a lively and interesting music works, such as "farmers Kang Tata". The first Kangtata tower by two farmers with Saxon local dialect sing each other, with a very strong folk conversation funny. Bach's religion Cantata is his long-standing often genre, a large number, almost all of his music works half effect. The contents of these songs are profound and rich, the performance method is also very diverse, and evolving. Initially Bach began with chorus-style Cantata, and later he expanded the range of Cantata, and wrote some of the indoor solo Canta Road also wrote a variety of different forms of Cantata, purely chorus of Cantata but instead Write less Bach in his religion used in the form of Cantata also many people his narrative, aria, duet, chorus has his own original characteristics. Cantata is the instrumental and vocal synthesis of the body of the body part is not accompaniment instrumental part of the small ensemble, big ensemble or other different instrument organization.
And Kantata, Bach's afflicted music is also a combination of instrumental music; Bach according to the performance of different stages of the psychological state of the free use of vocal and instrumental discretion in a variety of different forms. Bach used the form of mass development of music in general thinking, creating a rich musical image, express Ding deep thought to feel the feelings. At this point he and Handel are similar, they are far from the limitations of the opera art, but they returned to religious music. Although this is the inevitable result of the specific historical conditions, this contradiction in Bach's mass is particularly serious.
Instrumental works
Bach's instrumental music is the most important of the harpsichord music. His harpsichord works are much more abundant in content, genre and style than the works of his predecessors and his contemporaries. Bach in the process of creating the harpsichord music, learn from all aspects of experience to enrich the harpsichord music content, genre and style; for example, he learned from the organ music of its improvisation and tragic spirit, he put The polyphonic form derived from the organism is developed on the basis of the characteristics of the harpsichord. He learned the experience of the French harpsichord, wrote the composition of the dancing song; studied the style of the Italian violin music and the multi-Scalaati's harpsichord music style, which influenced his variations in the "c minor" Fantasy EQ "in the most significant.
Bach's dance from the daily life and historical tradition, his music has never been out of the German music tradition. "The average law piano collection" is Bach in the "pure music" field left one of the important legacy. As a work with a German spirit, "the average law piano collection" reflects the kind of rigorous German-style thinking. In addition, Bach's "French Suite", "British Suite" and six "Brandenburg Concerto" and other band works, also expressed the composer of peace and good life prayer and desire. These works sparked a strong sympathy in the hearts of the German people.
約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫后世影響
Bach is the greatest composer of the collection of Nederland, Italian and French music since the 16th century and is revered as the "father of music" in modern times. His works are both highly logical, structured, and have inherent philosophical, profound and meaningful. Because of his humanistic noble belief and the indomitable pursuit of a better life, his music is often vibrant and humane. Feng Lan believes that Bach is the world's highest level of composer, the greatest composer.
First of all, Bach music from the vocal music as the main body, developed into instrumental as the main body, and instrumental playing skills developed to an unprecedented peak. In Bach before, music to vocal music as the main body, rare with musical instruments as accompaniment, instrumental music has no independent status. Bach full play the ancient piano playing skills, invented the fingers and use the keyboard fingering. Before Bach, the organ and the piano keyboard did not use the thumb, only four fingers fingering.
Bach invented the thumb transport fingering, laid the piano fingering today This new type of fingering after the invention, so that the skills of the keyboard instrument is very developed. Pure "music" is the art of "sound", has nothing to do with the poem of poetry, of course, can not use vocal music "singing", and must use the instrumental music "play". Therefore, the development of instrumental music, means that the formation and development of pure music. Bach developed instrumental music, so that instrumental music developed into a new, independent art form, so that music out of other art constraints, and the liberation of free and independent art, Bach in the West as the "father of music."
Second, Bach applied the twelve average rate scale on the composition. "Twelve average rate scale" is the sound of the interval for twelve equal parts, set it into a semitone, two divided into the whole tone. This music is advocated by the French music theorist Ramo. But it is only a theory that has not been implemented. Bach is the first person to apply this music to compose and receive satisfactory results. The use of the average rate, so that the transfer (fixed a tone of the composition, in the way into another tune) is very free, polyphonic music fugue, which is very developed. Fugue usually includes the presentation part, the expansion department, the reproduction part of the three parts. The basic feature is the use of imitation of the bit method, so that a short and characteristic theme in the music of the various parts of the rotation once; and then enter the theme of the motive of the development of the insert, then the theme and insert and in each Different new tune on the repeated appear; to the final theme once again back to the original tune, and often end with the end. The development of the fugue has a great influence on the subsequent development of the sonata. The average rate of use, but also lead to musicians can be very free to use the chromatic harmonies, so that the effect of harmony is more novel and rich. Bach himself had applied the harmony of the semitone scale, made a "phonogram".
When Bach was alive, the work was not understood by the people, neither he had a prominent position nor won the recognition of society, was the great Mozart and Beethoven, first discovered his precious value. They were Bach music deep, perfect and impeccable shock. When Beethoven first saw some of Bach's works, can not help but exclaimed: "He is not a creek (Bach's name German Bach, is the 'creek' means), is the sea!" In 1829, Mendel Song in Berlin, a landmark performance, so that Bach's "Matthew suffering song" resurrection. Chopin practiced Bach's work before holding his concert, and Liszt adapted some of Bach's organ works into piano pieces. Schumann was one of the founders of the Bach Association, which undertook the full version of the master's work Great task. Today, all over the world, everywhere can hear Bach music. Among them, many works have long been classified as art institutions to cultivate students of compulsory teaching materials and major international music competition entries. Bach is known as "can not go beyond the master", and even known as "the father of modern music in Europe."
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