考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題試題
考研英語(yǔ)歷來(lái)都有得閱讀者得天下之說(shuō)。閱讀理解之所以這樣重要,不僅是因?yàn)樗嫉姆种蹈?而且也因?yàn)樗碾y度比較大。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題試題，希望對(duì)你有用!
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀原文
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others--all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own self-esteem. We stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a line-up including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". If the subjects quickly chose a falsely-flattering image – which most did – they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion", says Epley. "It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves." If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that why people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally – on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. "It's not that people's profiles are dishonest", says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison university, "but they portray an idealized version of themselves."
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀翻譯
《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》中的一篇文章指出：實(shí)證研究表明，事實(shí)上，你總是認(rèn)為自己比真正的自己要漂亮。讓自我感覺(jué)良好對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是一種根深蒂固的需要。因此，我們很自然的會(huì)采用一些自我增強(qiáng)(心理術(shù)語(yǔ))的策略來(lái)達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)。社會(huì)心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)對(duì)"超過(guò)平均效應(yīng)"或者"虛幻的優(yōu)越感"(的現(xiàn)象)積累了大量的研究。結(jié)果顯示，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水準(zhǔn)是高于平均水平的，體現(xiàn)在駕駛(各個(gè)年齡段和性別)水平上，這個(gè)數(shù)字達(dá)到了93%，而更有85%的人覺(jué)得自己的交際能力在平均水平之上--都是聽(tīng)起來(lái)不可能的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)。
我們會(huì)美化自己的記憶，并總是自我肯定。對(duì)批評(píng)我們逐漸變得急于防護(hù)，并將負(fù)面刻板的印象強(qiáng)加于別人來(lái)維護(hù)我們自己的自尊。我們招搖過(guò)市并自以為我們是非常受歡迎的角色。
心理學(xué)家和行為科學(xué)家尼古拉斯·埃普利監(jiān)測(cè)到了一個(gè)關(guān)于自我增強(qiáng)和吸引力的關(guān)鍵性研究。除了單純讓人們對(duì)自己的長(zhǎng)相進(jìn)行心理排序，尼古拉斯普利準(zhǔn)備了一系列照片，其中包括了一些被多多少少處理得更加美觀的照片，然后他讓受驗(yàn)者從一組自己的照片中辨識(shí)出哪個(gè)是原來(lái)的版本。"視覺(jué)識(shí)別"，據(jù)其研究成果介紹，是"一個(gè)自動(dòng)的心理過(guò)程，是迅速而直接地發(fā)生的，很少或者沒(méi)有明顯的熟思意識(shí)。"在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，如果受驗(yàn)者迅速選擇了一個(gè)虛假的美化圖像--事實(shí)上很多人都這么做了--那么說(shuō)明他們真誠(chéng)地相信他們本來(lái)就是那個(gè)樣子的。
除此之外，埃普利在實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著的性別差異。同樣，也沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)表明那些自我增強(qiáng)感最強(qiáng)的人(也就是，會(huì)選擇修改后最美觀的圖片的人)這樣做是為了彌補(bǔ)其深深的不安全感。事實(shí)上，那些選擇更有吸引力圖片的人與那些被標(biāo)識(shí)為具有更高自尊心的人直接相關(guān)。"我并不認(rèn)為我們得到的這個(gè)結(jié)論能證明個(gè)人妄想，"埃普利說(shuō)，"這只是人們自我感覺(jué)良好的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單反應(yīng)。"如果你很沮喪，你就不會(huì)有自我增強(qiáng)的偏向。
知道了埃普利的研究結(jié)果，也就不難理解為什么那么多人發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心地討厭自己的照片--到某種程度，他們根本并不認(rèn)為圖片里的人就是他們自己。因此，臉書(shū)就是一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)"自我增強(qiáng)"的天堂。在Facebook上，人們可以只分享虛偽而最美的照片，他們智慧、美麗、天分和生活方式的精華在這里得到了完美的展現(xiàn)。"這并不是說(shuō)他們展現(xiàn)的都是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的資料，"威斯康星·麥迪遜大學(xué)的卡特琳娜·托馬說(shuō)，"他們塑造了一個(gè)理想化版本的自己。"
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀詞語(yǔ)解析
psychologist[sai'kɔlədʒist]n. 心理學(xué)家
recognize['rekəgnaiz]vt. 認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)，意識(shí)到，表示感激
profound[prə'faund]adj. 深?yuàn)W的，深邃的，意義深遠(yuǎn)的
boost[bu:st]vt. 推進(jìn)，提高，增加
n. 推進(jìn)，增加
scale[skeil]n. 鱗，刻度，衡量，數(shù)值范圍
v. 依比例決
stalk[stɔ:k]n. 莖，梗
n. 跟蹤，高視闊步
intuitivelyadv. 直觀地;直覺(jué)地
reflection[ri'flekʃən]n. 反映，映像，折射，沉思，影響
negative['negətiv]adj. 否定的，負(fù)的，消極的
n. 底片，負(fù)
recognition[.rekəg'niʃən]n. 認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)，感知，知識(shí)
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