連詞與介詞的區(qū)別
我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)一種語言的時(shí)候經(jīng)常會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的語言的語法,那么你知道連詞和介詞的區(qū)別是什么嗎?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的連詞與介詞的區(qū)別,供大家閱覽!
介詞和連詞的區(qū)別:
介詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,但介詞在介詞短語中是兩個(gè)實(shí)質(zhì)性結(jié)構(gòu)成分中(介詞+名詞性詞語)的一個(gè);而連詞在實(shí)質(zhì)性結(jié)構(gòu)中只起連接作用。下面以“和”為例談?wù)勅绾螀^(qū)別介詞和連詞。①當(dāng)“和”作介詞的時(shí)候,“和”前后的成分不能互換,前面可加副詞作狀語,后面可以有停頓。②當(dāng)“和”作連詞的時(shí)候,“和”前后的成分可以互換,前面不能加副詞性修飾成分,后面不能停頓。
一、介詞的分類與語法功能
1. 介詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句等)構(gòu)成介詞短語,在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
介詞分為:
① 簡(jiǎn)單介詞,如at、in、for等;
?、?合成介詞,如within、inside、onto、througout等;
?、?短語介詞,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
?、?雙重介詞,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
?、?分詞介詞,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常見的介詞賓語:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、不定式等。
如:
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
?、贖e quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
?、躀’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
?、軹he professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
2. 介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)等。
如:
①This machine is in good condition.(表語)
?、赪here is the key to my bike?(定語)
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(狀語)
?、躍he always thinks herself above others.(賓補(bǔ))
二、介詞的搭配
1. “動(dòng)詞+介詞”搭配:注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個(gè)動(dòng)詞搭配意義不同的情況。
?、賠ob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“奪去、除去”意 義的動(dòng)詞與of 連用)
?、趕upply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供給”意義的動(dòng)詞與with連用)
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意義與of、from、into連用)
?、芙樵~ + the + 部位與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系(=動(dòng)詞 + sb.’s + 部位,可換用)
strike him on the head(“擊,拍,碰,摸”意義與on連用) c
atch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意義與by連用)
hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,臉”等人體前部與in連用)
?、輕revent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意義與from連用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“說服,建議”意義與into連用)
?、遙uy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意義與for連用)
?、鄑ell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意義與to連用)
⑨give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意義與to連用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可換成buy sb.sth.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
?、鈙ay to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper與“對(duì)象”連用必須用to)不可說suggest sb.sth.。
同一介詞與不同動(dòng)詞搭配,意義各異
reply to the letter回信,
sing(dance)to the music和....唱(跳),
amount to 達(dá)到,加起來有....,
devote to把...貢獻(xiàn)給,
drink to為....干杯,
object to反對(duì),
look forward to 渴望,
come to蘇醒,
belong to屬于,
search for搜...,
ask … for … 尋找,
use … for用作,
leave for前往,
take … for誤以為,
call of倡導(dǎo),
wait for等待,
care for喜歡,
make up for彌補(bǔ)損失,
turn to求助(救)于,
help oneself to隨意,
agree to同意,
compare … to把...比作,
send for派人去請(qǐng)(拿)...,
sail for駛向,航向,
set out for動(dòng)身去,
go in for愛好„„。
2. 常見“形容詞 + 介詞”搭配。
worthy of值得的,
glad about sth. for sb.為某人某事高興,
far from離„„遠(yuǎn),
grateful for sth. to sb.為某事感激某人,
free from沒有„„(免除„„),
proud of(take pride in)自豪,
satisfied with (by)滿意,
sure of / about確信,
fond of喜歡,
fit for適合,
busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙著干某事,
full of充滿,
ready for準(zhǔn)備,
similar to相似,
wrong with不對(duì);有毛病„„
3. “名詞 + 介詞”要注意習(xí)慣搭配和意義區(qū)分。
三、核心介詞的用法歸納與辨析
1. 表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。
表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,
如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
還可以用時(shí)段名詞組成固定短語或詞組。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。
但要注意:
?、賏t night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜間)。
?、趇n five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在„„以后”。
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