高考強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)揭秘

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是高中英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，是高考重要考點(diǎn)之一。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+其他成分(當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.，且在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who)。所強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)，但不能是定語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)。原句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句用it is ……that……;原句是過(guò)去時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句用it was ……that……。如果去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)過(guò)語(yǔ)序調(diào)整或不調(diào)整，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子，這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵。本文擬結(jié)合歷年高考試題對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)作如下歸納。

　　一、語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題

　　1.一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句

　　例1 Was it that I saw last night at the concert?

　　例2 Why is it that she is not so healthy as she used to be?

　　2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在賓語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序

　　例3 I don’t know ________________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)

　　我不知道是小說(shuō)中的什么東西使他突然淚如泉涌。(2012湖北)

　　解析：觀察題干中多了一個(gè)聯(lián)詞that,漢語(yǔ)翻譯中多了一個(gè)“是什么”，可知要用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)詞+it+ was/is that的用法;故答案為：what it was

　　二、主謂一致

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)人稱與數(shù)保持一致。

　　例4 It’s what you do rather than what you say that matters.

　　例5 It’s your efforts not your intelligence that determine (決定)your success.(2008湖北)

　　例6 It is the ability to do the job__ matters， not where you came from or what you are.

　　A. one B. it C. what D. that

　　解析：通過(guò)以上三個(gè)例子可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)由“not A but B ; A rather than B; A not B”構(gòu)成時(shí)，that后面謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)以“肯定”為準(zhǔn)，有時(shí)還可以將否定的部分置于句末。

　　三、not until……的強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　用“It is/was not until...that...”這一固定句型，由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式，同時(shí)要注意主句的主謂不能使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如果把 “ not until …”置于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。

　　例7 I didn’t realize she was the famous film star until he took off her dark glasses.

　　It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him.

　　= Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.

　　四、插入定語(yǔ)從句

　　1. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分后面插入一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句

　　例8 It was in Beihai Park__ they made a date for the first time __ the old couple told us their love story.

　　A. where;that B. that;that C. where;when D. that;when

　　例9 Was__ Bill，__ played basketball very well，__ helped the blind man across the street.

　　A. that;that;who B. it;that;that C. it;who;that D. this;who;who

　　解析：例8 選A where they made a date for the first time 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;例9選 C who played basketball very well 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，

　　2. 對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)句作答時(shí)省略that及其后面的內(nèi)容

　　例10 “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”

　　“It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”

　　A. where B. which C. that D. when

　　解析：很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通。此題的答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。

　　五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與相關(guān)句型的辨析

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型極易與下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查這方面的內(nèi)容。做題時(shí)首先判斷該題是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分要還原到原位置)，那么這個(gè)句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句;如果句子不完整，則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

　　1. It be+段時(shí)間+ since ... “自從……以來(lái)”

　　該句型中的be動(dòng)詞通常為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

　　例11.It’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. when B. that C. since D. while

　　解析：容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。假若選B，將此句分析為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，那么若將此句還原為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句就應(yīng)該是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很顯然, 句中的more than half a century 是一段時(shí)間，然而它修飾的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 joined…became 卻是兩個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞，這顯然不合適。此題應(yīng)選C，屬于“It is+一段時(shí)間+since 從句”句型，句意為“我爺爺加入黨組織成為人民的公仆已有半個(gè)多世紀(jì)了”。此句的主句謂語(yǔ)也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(has been)，但在口語(yǔ)中多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。

　　2. It be+點(diǎn)時(shí)間+ when ... "當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……"

　　例12 —Did Jack come back early last night?

　　—Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )

　　A. before B. when C. that D. until

　　解析：該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有明確限制，點(diǎn)時(shí)間前不加介詞。

　　3 . It be+段時(shí)間+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”

　　例13 --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

　　--- Perhaps two or three years. (06福建)

　　A. when B. until C. that D. before

　　解析：答案為D. before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it表示時(shí)間.該句型主句中be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài).主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常用句型歸納如下：

　　It was (not)long before+過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)了/沒(méi)過(guò)多久就

　　It will (not) be long before+現(xiàn)在時(shí) 要過(guò)/過(guò)不了多久就會(huì)

　　It was (not)two years before 兩年后就/ 不到兩年就

　　It will (not)be two years before 兩年后才會(huì) / 用不到兩年就會(huì)

　　4.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。

　　例14 It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)

　　A. that B. until C. before D. when

　　解析：這是對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)about 600 years ago的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A

　　例15 It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(遼寧06)

　　A. that B. when C. since D. as

　　解析：這是對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句after he got what he had desired的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A.

　　例16 It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)

　　A. until B. that C. then D. so

　　解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when I reread his poems recently，故選B。

　　例17 It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春)

　　A. so B. so that C. why D. that

　　解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)because of bad weather, 故選D。在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句。

　　例18.It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.

　　A. where B. in which C. that D.so

　　解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where there had been a theatre.故選C。

　　例19.It was only with the help of the local people ___ .(上海春04)

　　A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued

　　C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then mountain climber was rescued

　　解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)only with the help of the local People.故選B

　　牛刀小試：

　　1.I feel it is your husband who__ for the spoiled child.

　　A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

　　2. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.(2012重慶)

　　A. when B. that C. after D. since

　　3. It’s not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_______ benefits our work most.(2011陜西)

　　A. that B. who C. which D. what

　　4. That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

　　A. when B. that C. before D. since

　　5. “Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.

　　A. that B. where C. which D. while

　　6.It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)

　　A when B. that C. whichD. what

　　7. It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued. (2013重慶)

　　A. who B. that C. when D. how

　　答案;A B A D D B B