2017高考英語知識點歸納
2017高考英語知識點歸納
高考英語備考是一個聚智聚謀的過程。為了方便大家復習，接下來學習啦小編為你推薦2017高考英語知識點歸納，一起看看吧!
2017高考英語動詞知識點歸納
一、表示“使/讓……”概念的動詞
這類動詞常見的有：have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式，分詞，形容詞、介詞短語，名詞等作賓語補足語。
例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.對不起，讓你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising.勝利使得我們情緒高漲。
二、不定式做賓補，不定式符號可以省略的動詞
常見的有;see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,llook at等感官動詞及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。這類詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其后不定式符號 to常補出。
例如：We are made to work far into the night.我們被迫干活到深夜。注;在這種結構中，watch，have,let一般不變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。如： The boy was watched to come out。(誤)
三、不定式作賓語補足語，其后內容省略而只保留不定式符號的動詞此類動詞常見的有;
refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan, try, prefer,wish等。例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?------Idid n't mean to.
四、引導賓語從句用虛擬預期的動詞這類動詞在引導賓語從句從句時常用:
should+動詞原形，should可以省略，常見的有：order ,demend,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。例如He orderd that we should do it at once.他要求我們立即完成這項工作。He adviced we should do more speaking practising inorder to improve ourEnglish.他建議我們要想提高英語水平應練習說。
五、形主動、意義被動的詞常見的有：
work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此類詞的主語常為物。而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well,easily,long等連用。例如;The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long.
六、行為動詞充當系動詞的詞
這類動詞不能單獨構成動詞詞組，其后須帶有表語(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語，不定式，V-ing，V-ed)構成系表結構，常見的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。例如;It sounded like a train that was going under my house.聽起來，象有火車在樓下飛馳而過。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身體好，學習好，工作好。
七、只接名詞作賓語的詞
此類動詞常見的有: apprecate, adcice,suggest, compiete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,keep, delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive, permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常欽佩她獻身教育的精神。Do you mind my asking a question?我問你一個問題你不介意吧?
八、既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過去分詞作賓補的動詞
此類動詞常見的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。例如：The two cheats had the lighes burning all night long. Yesday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.
九、同一詞語用作及物動詞與不及物動詞
此類及物與不及物用法是有區(qū)別的，常見的有;work,wait/wait for,lie/lay,raise/rise,sit/seat,serve等。例如：If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.課堂上有什么問題可以舉手發(fā)問。The sun rising,we started out.太陽升起來了，我們便開始上路。
十、構成固定短語的“短語動詞”
此類動詞在英語中數量較大。如;act as充當，beleve in相信,come across遇見,deal with處理,engage in從事,lead to導致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out滅絕,rise up起義, set off出發(fā),warm up暖和起來,make fun of取笑,make friends with與……交朋友,set fire on點火,date back to追溯到,get along with 與……相處,look forward to期望,run out of用光,do away with廢除.
We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with.
老年人應向青年人學習，跟上時代發(fā)展的步伐
2017高考英語定語從句知識點歸納
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關系代詞做賓語時可以省略。
定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
1關系代詞引導的定語從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
關系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關系代詞在從句中做主語
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
?、谙刃性~為those, people 時
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
?、巯刃性~為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
?、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
?、拊谟袃蓚€定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數詞(the last)、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關系代詞在從句中做表語
He is not the man that he used to be.
3關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
關系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
①在非限制性定語從句中，"介詞+ which"結構不能代替關系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
?、诤薪樵~短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
3名詞/數詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關系代詞引導定語從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
4as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法區(qū)別：
(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
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