高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在當(dāng)今的社會(huì)，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常必要的。高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元的知識(shí)點(diǎn)主要有哪些呢?接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來(lái)看看吧。
高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1 devote…to (doing) sth.把…奉獻(xiàn)給devoteoneself to致力于，獻(xiàn)身于 be devoted to專心致志于
2 human beings 人類
3 move off 離開，啟程，出發(fā)
4 lead a…life 過(guò)著……的生活
5 crowd in 涌上心頭，涌入腦海
6 look down on/upon 蔑視，瞧不起
7 refer to 查閱，參考，談到 (其中，to為介詞)
8 by chance 碰巧，湊巧
9. come across 偶遇，碰見(jiàn)
10. carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持 carry out 實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成
11. be dressed in 穿著… dress as 打扮成…
12.fight for 為….而戰(zhàn) fight against 與…戰(zhàn)斗
13.put to death判死刑
14. concern oneselfwith…關(guān)注…注意…
15.intend to dosth./ doing sth. 打算做某事
16. in the shadeof 在…的樹蔭下，在…的庇護(hù)下
17.gain doctor’sdegree 獲得博士學(xué)位
18. be consideredas 被看做….
19.take turns todo sth 采取步驟做某事
20.do research on…做…方面的研究
21.mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著
22. by now 直到現(xiàn)在
高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元重點(diǎn)句型知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1 She spentyears observing and recording their daily activities.
她花去多年的時(shí)間觀察和記錄它們的日?；顒?dòng)。
(spend+時(shí)間/金錢+doing sth 花時(shí)間或金錢去做某事)
2 Only after hermother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to beginher project. 她的母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫過(guò)她的忙;這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。
(only位于句首并修飾狀語(yǔ)，句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞或聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前)
3 FollowingJane’s way of studing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in theforest.
我們一行人將按照J(rèn)ane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜訪他們。
(-ing作方式狀語(yǔ)。注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：-ing主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行/延續(xù)，-ed被動(dòng)/過(guò)去，to do主動(dòng)/將來(lái))
4.It seemed thatshe had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study aswell aswriting books and articles 看起來(lái)她忙于所選擇的和寫作一樣的到國(guó)外研究。
(It seemed that+從句：似乎是，看起來(lái)好像是。 as well as 還有)
5.What made hersucceed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all herpatients
后來(lái)使她成功的是她對(duì)所有病人獻(xiàn)出的愛(ài)心和體貼。
(What made her succeed主語(yǔ)從句。了解what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的譯法，明白它們?cè)诰渲械某煞郑鹤髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ))
高中英語(yǔ)必修四第一單元語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
主謂一致，指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致。
(一) 語(yǔ)法一致原則: 即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except,besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是),including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如:Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。Noone except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。
2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。
The poet and writer has come.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)
用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread andbutter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
Serving the people is my great happiness.
為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。
4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。
5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:
Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說(shuō)。
6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.
More than one student was late.不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。
7. none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).
None of us are (is) perfect.人無(wú)完人。
None of this worries me.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。
8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).
His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。
9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如: theNew Times; 書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談>; 以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國(guó)> 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,
One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。
(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則:
1.主語(yǔ)中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車，今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , anumber of , plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。
3. 加減乘除用單數(shù).
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。
4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。
5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment,furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。
6. the +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).
The injured were saved after the fire.
(三) 就近原則
1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致.
Here comes the bus 公共汽車來(lái)了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛(ài)人和孩子在哪兒呆呢?
2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。
注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。
The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。
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