英語四級常考知識點
英語四級?？贾R點
2017年6月四級考試不到兩個月的時間了，你復(fù)習(xí)好了嗎?你知道英語四級有哪些?？嫉闹R點嗎?接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語四級常考知識點，一起來看看吧。
英語四級?？贾R點：動詞
1) 表示動作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。
2) 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞(Notional Verb)、系動詞(Link Verb)、助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)、情態(tài)動詞(Modal Verb)。
說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞，例如：
We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會?！?(having是實義動詞。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。
(has是助動詞。)
3) 動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞(Transitive Verb)、不及物動詞(Intransitive Verb)，縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.。
說明：同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如：
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動詞。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動詞。)
4) 根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動詞(Finite Verb)、非限定動詞(Non-finite Verb)例如：
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。(sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well.
她想學(xué)好英語。(to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。
說明：英語中共有三種非限定動詞，分別是：動詞不定式(Infinitive)、動名詞(Gerund)、分詞(Participle)。
5) 根據(jù)動詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：單字詞(One-Word Verb)、短語動詞(Phrasal Verb)、動詞短語(Verbal Phrase)例如：
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。(contains是單字動詞。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
學(xué)生們學(xué)會查字典。(look up是短語動詞。)
The young ought to take care of the old.
年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。(take care of是動詞短語。)
6)動詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形(Original Form)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、過去式(Past Form)、過去分詞(Past Participle)、現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle)。
英語四級?？贾R點：代詞作主語時的一致
each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.
Each of us has something to say.
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
Has either of them told you?
some, few, both, many 等作復(fù)數(shù)
some 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.
none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時較多,但也有時作單數(shù)看待,主要看說話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念, 但none 在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù):
None of the books are easy enough for us
None of us seem to have thought of it.
None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.
None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.
None of this worries me.
all 和most 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞 (all of the…, most of the …), 動詞用單數(shù).
由and 或 both… and 連接名詞詞組時, 后用復(fù)數(shù); 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 連接的并列主語, 謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致
Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.
Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
如果一個句子是由there 或here引導(dǎo), 而主語又不止一個, 謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致。
There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).
Cattle are grazing on the pasture.
The police are looking for him.
有些集體名詞有時作單數(shù)看待, 有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待, 主要根據(jù)意思來決定.
His family isn’t very large.
His family are all music lovers.
The committee meets twice a month.
The committee are divided in opinion.
The audience was enormous.
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形, 可根據(jù)意思決定謂語動詞的數(shù):
This new series is beginning next month.
These new series are beginning next month.
This species is now extinct.
These species are now extinct.
表示時間, 重量, 長度, 價值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果作整體看待, 動詞也可用單數(shù)形式 (當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動詞也是可以的):
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
One hundred li was covered in a single night.
書名, 國家名用單數(shù):
Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).
many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式:
Many a person has had that kind of experience.
More than one person has involved in the case.
a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):
A number of books have been published on the subject.
The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
one of those 后用單數(shù). 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關(guān)系分句謂語動詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關(guān)系分句謂語動詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
英語四級?？贾R點：副詞及其句法功能
一、副詞的位置：
1) 在動詞之前。
2) 在be動詞、助動詞之后。
3) 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。
注意：
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副詞的排列順序：
1) 時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。
注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。
改錯：(錯) I very like English.
(對) I like English very much.
注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
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