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初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間: 麗儀1102 分享

  不少同學(xué)都覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句很難很吃力,不知如何學(xué)好。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你帶來(lái)關(guān)于初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句,希望對(duì)你有幫助!

  一、概述

  賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。

  主句是復(fù)合句的主體,從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分,它從屬于主句,不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分,就叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)。

  簡(jiǎn)單句She knew the teacher(賓語(yǔ))復(fù)合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(賓從)

  二、賓語(yǔ)從句

  1.語(yǔ)序

  無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序,即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

  1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:

  Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?

  The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西.

  I don't know which belongs to my father.

  2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

  He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。

  The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。

  3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:who(m),what,which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)。如:

  He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。

  Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

  4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

  Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?

  She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。

  2.連接詞

  1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that無(wú)詞義,在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如:

  He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。

  2)當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:

  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.

  但在下列情況下只能用whether:

 ?、?在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

  Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)

  I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)

  I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.

  ② 在介詞之后用whether。如:

  I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。

  We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

 ?、?在不定式前用whether。如:

  He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

  I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

  He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

 ?、?whether置于句首時(shí),不能換用if。如:

  Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。

  ⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如:

  Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

  The question is whether we can catch the bus.問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

 ?、?若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),則用whether。如:

  Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請(qǐng)告訴我。

  3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如:

  Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?

  3.時(shí)態(tài)

  含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:

  1)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如:

  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。

  2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如:

 ?、賂he children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。

 ?、贖e asked his father how it happened.他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

  3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等,不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài),從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

  4.注意:

  if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如:

  —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎?

  —Sorry, I don't know. When he comes back, I'll tell you. 對(duì)不起,不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了,我將告訴你。

  —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。

  —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會(huì)來(lái)的。

  賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句(六種方法),使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。

  方法一:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise(和主觀決定有關(guān))等,且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

  We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

  方法二:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, learn, remember, forget, tell(和記憶認(rèn)知有關(guān))等動(dòng)詞,且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

  注:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動(dòng)詞,且后帶雙賓語(yǔ),從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

  方法三:當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時(shí),如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

  方法四:某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如:

  He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

  The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

  方法五:某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

  方法六:動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以用不定式(短語(yǔ))來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化,但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如:It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

  除上述方法外,還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如:

  I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

  Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

  They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy

初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句

不少同學(xué)都覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句很難很吃力,不知如何學(xué)好。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你帶來(lái)關(guān)于初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句,希望對(duì)你有幫助! 一、概述 賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。 主句是
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