人教版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高二的同學(xué)想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)這門學(xué)科的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，不僅上課時(shí)要善于做好英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的筆記，下課后要懂得做英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)歸納。以下是小編給你推薦的高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)你有幫助!
英語(yǔ)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在同一成分中用法的辨析
1.做主語(yǔ)：-般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞成份相同時(shí)，表示客觀性、一般性行為為多用動(dòng)名詞表示，而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。
Looking after children is her job.
To clean the classroom is his job today.
2.做賓語(yǔ)：
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.
(1).有些動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來(lái)性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。
He refused to speak on the radio.
He desired to see you.
(2)..有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上動(dòng)名詞，含有明顯的"依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)作出理解和判斷"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等
短語(yǔ)：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.
She can't stand having nothing to do at home.
His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.
All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
It's no good learning without practicing.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.
(3).有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，其意義基本相同，區(qū)別不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.
The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.
I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.
注意：begin和start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或后面動(dòng)詞為心理變化意義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動(dòng)名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意：
A.remember，forget，regret接動(dòng)名詞，表示完成意義(=having done)，接不定式，表示將來(lái)意義：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget to write to me soon.
I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.
I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遺憾=be sorry)
B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……;mean doing：意味著，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，
I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
C.stop：stop to do停下來(lái)，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ);stop doing停止干……，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
D.try：try to do，努力，試圖干……事;try doing：試著干……事
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.
E.want，need，require接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義，表示"需要、該……";接不定式，表示"想，要干……"
The room wants cleaning.
The bike requires repairing.
These young trees require looking after.
The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants to see you.
You don't need to leave so early.
F.go on：go on to do繼續(xù)干和原來(lái)不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
go on doing繼續(xù)干原來(lái)同一件事，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.
G.動(dòng)詞advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接單賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞，接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.
Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.
3.做賓補(bǔ)：
不定式可以表示一次性、具體性行為，以及將來(lái)意義的行為?，F(xiàn)在分詞可以表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的進(jìn)行意義的行為，亦可表示-個(gè)持續(xù)時(shí)間的延續(xù)性的行為動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài)，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞亦有被動(dòng)意義，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞仍是主動(dòng)意義。
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
They had the lights burning all night long.
I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.
When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.
4.做表語(yǔ)：
不定式和動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，且可以和主語(yǔ)顛倒，意思仍然通順，回答what的問(wèn)題。它們有時(shí)存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別，分詞做表語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語(yǔ)顛倒，可以回答how的問(wèn)題。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
英語(yǔ)第二單元練習(xí)題
He _____________ English stories.
2.公共汽車上擠滿了乘客。
The bus _____________ passengers.
3.在我昨天晚上看的電影里,男主人公第一次見(jiàn)到女主人公時(shí)就愛(ài)上了她。
In the movie I saw last night, the hero _______ the heroine when he first sees her.
4.他沒(méi)有給我錢而是給了我一些很有價(jià)值的建議。
He gave me some valuable ___________________.
5.交通問(wèn)題本應(yīng)引起地方政府的注意。
The traffic problem ____________the local _____________.
II. 用所給動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的適當(dāng)形式填空。
burn down , reflect, injure, complete, ignore
1. His house _____ by the enemy soldiers.
2.I can’t _____ his rudeness any longer.
3.Dead and _____ people lay everywhere after the bomb went off.
4.The calm lake _____ the trees on the shore.
5.I need one more stamp before my collection _____.
III. 句型轉(zhuǎn)化:每空填一詞,使該句與所給句子的意思相同。
1.Maybe he is in his twenties.
Maybe he is _____ _____ twenty years old.
2.Wealth is seldom connected with happiness.
Wealth is seldom _____ _____ happiness.
3.When he was asked where he was from, the Frenchman said he was from Paris.
_____ _____ _____ _____ from, the Frenchman said he was from Paris.
4.The road that is covered with ice is very slippery.
The road _____ _____ ice is very slippery.
KEY:
I. 1. is addicted to reading
2. is /was crowded with
3. falls in love with
4. advice rather than money
5. should have drawn, government’s attention
II. 1. was burned down 2. ignore
3. injured 4. reflected / reflects
5. is completed
III. 1. more than 2. related to
3. Asked where he was
4. covered with
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