高考英語(yǔ)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
英語(yǔ)高考的時(shí)候,不管是單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型還是語(yǔ)法,都會(huì)被考察到,所以考生們一定要全面復(fù)習(xí)好這些知識(shí)。下面是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總,希望對(duì)您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學(xué)習(xí)!
高考英語(yǔ)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
1語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)
— Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
— Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved
C. had waved D. have been waving
【正確答案】D
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【詳細(xì)解析】這個(gè)揮手帕的動(dòng)作是在半小時(shí)前開始的,然后一直在揮,一直揮到了說(shuō)話的這個(gè)時(shí)候,所以我們用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。A選項(xiàng)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),B選項(xiàng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),C選項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí),這三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都是和過(guò)去有關(guān),和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。題干中出現(xiàn)last或者是last half hour,recent等這類詞的話,我們一般都會(huì)選擇現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故本題正確答案是D。
2名詞性從句
The information could be helpful to ____ will take over the job.
A. those B. who
C. whoever D. anyone
【正確答案】C
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查名詞性從句。
【詳細(xì)解析】名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。此題考的就是介詞to后的賓語(yǔ)從句,whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)。A、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)需要在后面加上who;B選項(xiàng)是who在名詞性從句中表示疑問(wèn),e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. 故本題正確答案是C。
3虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
— David, we went to Lake Geneva for the weekend.
— That _______ a very nice change. I wish I had gone there.
A. must be B. must have been
C. could be D. could have been
【正確答案】B
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
【詳細(xì)解析】must表推測(cè),“肯定……”,must be表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)事實(shí)的推測(cè);must have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)。這里表示一個(gè)肯定的推測(cè),又因?yàn)槭巧蟼€(gè)周末的事情,說(shuō)明這件事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,故選B;C選項(xiàng)could“可能”,表示輕微的懷疑或委婉的陳述看法,e.g. His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.他所說(shuō)的這個(gè)故事可能是真的,但是我基本上不相信;D選項(xiàng)could have done是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“過(guò)去本能夠做某事卻未做”,e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的,但是你并沒有盡自己最大的努力。
4代詞
Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech.
A. other B. another
C. the other D. an other
【正確答案】B
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查代詞。
【詳細(xì)解析】other用作代詞時(shí),意為“另一個(gè);其他的人(東西)”,不單獨(dú)使用:the other,the others,others;another用作代詞時(shí),表示沒有具體所指的“另外一個(gè)”。e.g. One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting.一個(gè)人可能是喜歡釣魚,而另一個(gè)可能喜歡打獵;the other表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”,表示特指;D選項(xiàng)沒有這種用法。故本題正確答案是B。
5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony. For the speaker, _______ is an honour.
A. invited B. being invited
C. be invited D. inviting
【正確答案】B
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
【詳細(xì)解析】A選項(xiàng)invited是過(guò)去分詞不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ);C選項(xiàng)be invited不是非謂語(yǔ)形式;D選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)。故本題正確答案是B。遇到動(dòng)詞要考慮四點(diǎn):① 先判斷是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ);② 主語(yǔ);③ 主語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主/被動(dòng)關(guān)系;④ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系。e.g. Being exposed to the sun for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.在太陽(yáng)下暴露太久對(duì)皮膚有害。e.g. The girl’s being educated in a good environment is what her parents have expected.這個(gè)女孩在一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境中受到教育是她父母所期望的。
6定語(yǔ)從句
Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society _____ its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources.
A. which B. so that
C. where D. of which
【正確答案】C
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查定語(yǔ)從句。
【詳細(xì)解析】本題考查關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞college,where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)which是一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞,只能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);B選項(xiàng)so that“為了……”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,在這里邏輯不對(duì);D選項(xiàng)of which是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu),先行詞college放到定語(yǔ)從句中,應(yīng)該是說(shuō)“in the college”,所以這個(gè)介詞應(yīng)該用in。故正確答案為C。
7動(dòng)詞
When problems such as energy crisis, pollution and population explosion _____, people are asked to share the bitterness and endure the hardship.
A. are arisen B. arise
C. arising D. arisen
【正確答案】B
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞。
【詳細(xì)解析】從題干可知when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故排除C、D兩項(xiàng);arise“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故正確答案為B。
8狀語(yǔ)從句
They didn’t want to admit to any shortage of food _____ it might reveal a weakness to be exploited by their enemies.
A. in order that B. or else
C. but for D. for fear that
【正確答案】D
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。
【詳細(xì)解析】A項(xiàng)in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句;B項(xiàng)or else“否則”在此處用句意不通;C項(xiàng)but for表示“如果沒有,要不是”,它往往用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中;D項(xiàng)for fear that也引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,但它表示“生怕某種不好的事會(huì)發(fā)生”。e.g. Shut the window for fear that it may rain.把窗關(guān)起來(lái),以防下雨。根據(jù)句意可知,他們不愿意承認(rèn)食物短缺,是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤粩橙酥溃缓罄盟麄兊倪@個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。故正確答案為D。
9固定搭配
Without solutions _____ the gap between the rich and the poor, there can be no “harmonious society”.
A. of B. for
C. to D. on
【正確答案】C
【高考考點(diǎn)】介詞的用法。
【詳細(xì)解析】solution to…“解決……的方法”,為固定搭配,故正確答案為C。接下來(lái)我們就來(lái)看一下還有哪些名詞后面跟介詞to。
【access】have access to有通道/有使用/有見到(某人/某物的機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利)
【answer】answer to對(duì)……的回答
【approach】approach to sth./ approach to doing sth.做某件事情的方法
【attitude】attitude to sth.對(duì)待……的態(tài)度
【contribution】make contributions to sth.對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)
【damage】do damage to sth.對(duì)……造成損壞、破壞
【devotion】devotion to sth.對(duì)……的奉獻(xiàn)
【entrance】entrance to某地方的一個(gè)入口
【introduction】introduction to sth.對(duì)……的介紹
【limit】the limit to sth.對(duì)……的一個(gè)限度/限制
【objection】the objection to對(duì)……的反對(duì)
【reaction】reaction to sth.對(duì)……東西的反應(yīng)
【response】response to sb./sth.對(duì)……人(或物)的回答/回復(fù)
10主謂一致
— _____ five hundred dollars a big sum to a Chinese family?
— I’m afraid not.
A. Is B. Are C. Were D. Will be
【正確答案】A
【高考考點(diǎn)】主謂一致。
【詳細(xì)解析】表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞、詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般被看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式;另外題中說(shuō)到a big sum“一大筆錢”,說(shuō)明它把500美金這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的概念是當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體去理解的,這也給了我們啟示。故正確答案為A。
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