高考英語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)從句與倒裝句及寫作句型升級(jí)
英語(yǔ)從句與倒裝句及寫作句型升級(jí),以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家編輯的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法文章,僅供考生參考,歡迎大家閱讀!
英語(yǔ)寫作:如何讓句型升級(jí)
利器一:定語(yǔ)從句
要想寫出定語(yǔ)從句,首先要保證兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句有重復(fù)詞匯,再將含有重復(fù)詞匯的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成定語(yǔ)從句。
1. 合并法
【使用條件】寫作要點(diǎn)中有重復(fù)詞匯
【例1】假設(shè)你是育才中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語(yǔ)演講比賽(speech contest),希望附近某大學(xué)的外籍教師Smith女士來(lái)做評(píng)委。請(qǐng)參照以下比賽通知給她寫一封信。
英語(yǔ)演講比賽
主題:人與自然
時(shí)間:6月15日下午2:00~5:00
地點(diǎn):501教室
參賽選手:10名學(xué)生
聯(lián)系人:李華(電話:44876655)
歡迎大家光臨
【分析】首先閱讀題干,題干中沒(méi)有直接出現(xiàn)重復(fù)詞匯,但是稍加分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在描述主題時(shí),肯定會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)演講比賽。比如:我校將舉辦一場(chǎng)演講比賽,演講比賽的主題是人與自然,演講比賽在什么時(shí)間什么地點(diǎn)舉行。除此之外,主題:人與自然這個(gè)要點(diǎn)與參賽選手:10名學(xué)生也可以說(shuō)成演講比賽的主題是人與自然,10名學(xué)生將討論這個(gè)主題。只要確定寫作要點(diǎn)中可以出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)含有重復(fù)詞匯的句子,我們就能通過(guò)三個(gè)步驟寫出定語(yǔ)從句。
【步驟】第一步:把兩個(gè)句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句,并標(biāo)出重復(fù)詞匯。以我們剛剛分析過(guò)的要點(diǎn)為例:
① The topic of this contest is Man and Nature.
?、赥en students will talk about Man and Nature.
第二步:確定主句和從句,將從句的重復(fù)詞匯用對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系詞替換并提至從句句首。在確定主句和從句時(shí),考生只需要根據(jù)中文構(gòu)思判斷合成后的句子主要想表達(dá)哪個(gè)要點(diǎn),含有該要點(diǎn)的句子就是主句。在用對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系詞替換時(shí),考生看到重復(fù)詞匯指物時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞which / that來(lái)替換,指人時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞who / that來(lái)替換,指時(shí)間時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)替換。按照這個(gè)步驟和前面分析部分的構(gòu)思,句子①為我們主要想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,那么句子②即為從句,將從句中的重復(fù)詞匯Man and Nature用對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系詞which替換后變?yōu)椋?/p>
?、踳hich ten students will talk about
第三步:將替換后的從句作為整體置于主句重復(fù)詞匯后面。按照該步驟,將句子③置于句子①的重復(fù)詞匯后變?yōu)椋?/p>
?、躎he topic of this contest isMan and Nature,which ten students will talk about.
這樣,一個(gè)完整的定語(yǔ)從句就寫出來(lái)了。
2. 拆分法
【使用條件】修飾成分中有主謂短語(yǔ)
【例2】假設(shè)你是李華,于2010年6月3日搭乘國(guó)外某航空公司航班(flight number BA793)回國(guó)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)遺失了一個(gè)行李箱(suitcase)。請(qǐng)用英文給該航空公司寫一封信,請(qǐng)他們幫你尋找。
信件要點(diǎn)包括:(1)陳述寫信原因;(2)簡(jiǎn)要描述該行李;(3)說(shuō)明其重要性;(4)期待回復(fù)并表示感謝。
【分析】題目中講到李華在飛機(jī)上遺失了一個(gè)行李箱,要求考生在信件中說(shuō)明行李箱的重要性。審題后很多考生可以構(gòu)思出這樣一個(gè)句子這個(gè)行李箱是媽媽送給我的生日禮物,但在用英文表達(dá)時(shí)很少考生會(huì)用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。我們可以把的后面的被修飾語(yǔ)(一般為名詞或名詞短語(yǔ))進(jìn)行拆分,然后寫成定語(yǔ)從句。具體步驟如下。
【步驟】第一步:在中文語(yǔ)境下,把被修飾語(yǔ)拆分到兩個(gè)完整的句子中去,然后再翻譯成英文。以上面分析部分構(gòu)思的句子為例進(jìn)行如下拆分:
?、?這個(gè)行李箱是我的生日禮物。(The suitcase was my birthday present.)
② 我媽媽送生日禮物給我。(My mother gave me a birthday present.)
第二步:確定主句和從句,將從句的重復(fù)詞匯用對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系詞替換并提至從句句首。經(jīng)過(guò)第一步的拆分和翻譯,兩個(gè)含有重復(fù)詞匯的句子就出現(xiàn)在我們眼前,接下來(lái)的步驟和合并法的第二步一樣,確定從句并進(jìn)行關(guān)系詞替換。birthday present指物,所以用關(guān)系代詞which / that替換后變?yōu)椋?/p>
③which / that my mother gave me
第三步:將替換后的從句作為整體置于主句重復(fù)詞后面。將①中的英文句子和句子③合并后變成:
?、躎he suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave me.
另外,我們還可以再添加一些信息,比如在句尾加上時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句變成:
⑤The suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave me when I was 18 years old.
利器二:含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考出鏡率最高的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之一,也是較難掌握的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。要是考生能在寫作中寫幾個(gè)含有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子,相信會(huì)給作文加分不少。鑒于此,下面介紹一種方法來(lái)幫助同學(xué)們寫出含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。該方法要分兩步來(lái)進(jìn)行。
1. 寫出原因 / 條件狀語(yǔ)從句,注意主從句主語(yǔ)要保持一致
原因狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句是考生非常熟悉的兩種從句,寫起來(lái)比較容易,只要分析前后句對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系,在從句前加上because / if即可。這里之所以選擇這兩種狀語(yǔ)從句,是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)趯懽鲿r(shí),為了擴(kuò)充要點(diǎn),經(jīng)常會(huì)添加一些成分,其中最常添加的是原因和條件。以例1為例,我們可以寫出以下兩個(gè)句子:
?、?If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.
②Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.
2. 判斷從句的語(yǔ)態(tài)(主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)),按照對(duì)應(yīng)的公式進(jìn)行變化
【主動(dòng)公式】If / Because +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ing形式+其他
上面句子①中的從句為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),我們按照上述公式來(lái)變化一下這個(gè)句子。
變化前:If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.
變化后:Having any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.
【被動(dòng)公式】If / Because +主語(yǔ)+ be +過(guò)去分詞+其他過(guò)去分詞+其他
上面句子②中的從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),我們按照上述公式來(lái)變化一下這個(gè)句子。
變化前:Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.
變化后:Respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.
經(jīng)過(guò)上面兩個(gè)步驟,狀語(yǔ)從句就華麗變身為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
倒裝范例引入:
1,There are many students and teachers is our school.(全倒)
2,What are you doing now?.(半倒)
3,The higher we stand ,the farther we will see. (形式倒裝)
倒裝定義
出于語(yǔ)法和修辭目的(強(qiáng)調(diào),承上啟下,平衡等)的需要,把謂語(yǔ)的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主語(yǔ)之前,叫倒裝語(yǔ)序。
倒裝句的種類
{C}{C}①{C}{C}完全倒裝提前部分+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。
{C}{C}②{C}{C}部分倒裝提前部分+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于提前部分+一般疑問(wèn)句。
{C}{C}③{C}{C}形式倒裝只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首,主謂并不倒裝。
方法提煉
掌握倒裝句的關(guān)鍵在于記住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒裝類別。熟記倒裝特征與類型。做題方法:一看強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,二看主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù),三看謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)定助動(dòng)詞。
第一類:總結(jié)全部倒裝的條件
{C}{C}1.{C}{C}句首:表示方位,方向地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)置于句首且主語(yǔ)是名詞的全部倒裝如:Here comes a bus . Here it comes(主語(yǔ)是代詞的不倒裝).
Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首。
{C}{C}2.{C}{C}謂語(yǔ):表示靜態(tài)存在或動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)的動(dòng)詞如:位于(lie)沖(rush)來(lái)(come)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)住(live)坐(sit)掛(hang)
總結(jié)公式 There (on the wall,in the south of )+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
高考鏈接
1. At the meeting place the Yangtze River and the Jialing River___lies_(lie) Chong Qing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
2. John opened the door, There_stood____ (stand) a girl he had never seen before.
3.Is everyone here?
Not yet Look, there_come____ (come) the rest of our guests.
4. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___fled___ (flee) the thief.
5, For a moment nothing happened. Then__came___ (come) the voice all shouting together.
6. Here____are__ (be) two tickets for tonights concert.
7. South of the river___lies__ (lie) a small factory.
8. Such___was____ (be) Albert Einstein, a simple man and 20th centurys greatest scientist.
第二類:總結(jié)部分倒裝(半倒裝)的條件
1.具有否定/半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。
Never , nor ,not ,hardly(幾乎不),little ,seldom ,scarcely(幾乎不),rarely(少有地),at no time(任何時(shí)候決不)in/under no circumstances ,in no case(任何情況下決不)by no means(任何方式?jīng)Q不)on no condition(任何條件決不)等放句首時(shí)。
以及句式:No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.(一就)
Hardly/scarcely had sb done when sb did sth. (一就)
2.so或neither或nor表示也/也不
句式So/Neither/Nor+一般疑問(wèn)句
如You are a student
So am I.
You arent a teacher.
Neither/Nor is he.
3. so/such that表示如此 以至于
句式:so/such+一般疑問(wèn)句+that
如:He is such a good student that all his classmates admire him
Such a good student is he that all his classmates admire him
The weather is so fine that all of us want to go outing
So fine is the weather that all of us want to go outing
4.以had/were/should開(kāi)頭省略if的虛擬條件句
句式had/should +主+謂
Were+主+其他
如If I were you(were I you),I should study hand
If he had studied hard (Had he studied hard), he could have made great progress last term
If it should rain (should it rain), I would stay at home
5.only+狀語(yǔ)(介詞短語(yǔ).副詞和狀語(yǔ)從句)放句首,主句需要部分倒裝
句式:only+狀語(yǔ)+一般疑問(wèn)句
注意:only修飾主語(yǔ)句子不倒裝
Only after the war did he learn the sad news
Only when he returned did we find out the truth
Only he can answer the question
基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練
1. I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark
Hardly______do I think_____________ it possible to finish the job before dark
2.We shall give up under no circumstances。
____ Under no circumstances shall we give up_______
3.He had no sooner taken office than he got down to carrying out reforms(改革)to the company
______No sooner had he taken office than____________________________
4.He not only makes the most of his time to study, but also take an active part in all kinds of after-class activities
Not only ____does he_________ make the most of his time to study, but also take
5. He didnt stop working until he was tired out.
Not until he was tired out __did he____ ___stop working
6.He doesnt enjoy listening to pop music ,I dont enjoy listening to pop music ,either.
He doesnt enjoy listening to pop music, neither__do I enjoy listening_____
7. He realized his mistake only when he was eighteen
______Only when he was eighteen _did_he realize his mistake _____________
8. Without your parents, you couldnt live a happy life; you couldnt have the chance to go abroad, either.
Without your parents, neither____could you live a happy life_______
______, nor__could you have the chance to go abroad.___.
9.He likes surfing the Internet ,________so do I __________(我也一樣)
10.If you dont attend the party ,_____neither will I ______________(我也不參加)
第三類 總結(jié)形式倒裝的條件
1.the more ,the more (more代表形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí))
2.whatever或however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)
3.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)
4.感嘆句
?、倬涫剑篢he more 主+謂,the more 主+謂。
例句The more you listen to English ,the easier it will become.
?、诰涫剑篐owever+形容詞/副詞+主+謂
例句However difficult the problem may be ,we must work it out this evening.
③句式:Whatever+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
例句:Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
?、芫涫剑好~/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞+as/though+主+謂
例句:Tired as /though he was ,he still went on with his work
注意:如果是a/an+名詞提前冠詞省略
盡管他還是個(gè)孩子,他知道的很多
________Boy as he is ,he knows a lot.
⑤感嘆句。句式what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
What a/an+形容詞+名詞單數(shù)+主+謂
How+形/副+主+謂