英語單詞since的用法總結(jié)
英語單詞since的用法總結(jié)
下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于since的用法總結(jié),以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
英語單詞since的用法總結(jié):
1) since +從句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
since的用法主要有兩點(diǎn):一是表示“自從……以來”,二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解詞的含義,而不了解其用法,在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如:I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人會(huì)望文生義,將該句譯為:“自從我住在上海以來,就再也沒有收到他的信了。”而實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的譯文并非如此,那么正確的含義是什么呢?
下面談?wù)剆ince作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。
一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性的過去時(shí),則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如:
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校,他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里,我們就一直很想念他們。
這是最常見的一種用法,此處不再多述。
二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí),則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如:
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí),即“醒來”時(shí),這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約,他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。
本文開始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為“自從我離開上海,就再也沒有收到他的信。”這種譯法常被人們誤用,我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看:
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開(沒住在)上海多久了?
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)(不當(dāng)團(tuán)員)半個(gè)月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
比較:He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動(dòng)詞)
三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻),其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如:
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性,時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從:“開始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他(開始)住在那兒起,我就一直沒收到他的來信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營。
試比較:1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學(xué)校,我們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學(xué)校,他們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我。
由此可見,since引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之,前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容,而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。
至于It is +一段時(shí)間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since…意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說法,后者是口語說法。
應(yīng)注意的是,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語動(dòng)詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯(cuò)了:
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正確的說法為:
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學(xué)英語了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個(gè)月沒來看我了。