情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法點(diǎn)撥
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,顧名思義是用來表示說話人的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度和情感的動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和動(dòng)詞原形一起使用。雖然情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多,但是各自表達(dá)的意思卻很豐富,如果不進(jìn)行歸類,容易混淆。下面是小編整理的一些關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法分析,以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法點(diǎn)撥
can,could和be able to可用來表示能力。be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài),且was / were able to表示“成功做了某事”。例如:
Though the earthquake hit the village, all the villagers ______ move to the safe areas.
A. would B. could
C. were able to D. need
分析 C 盡管地震襲擊這個(gè)村莊,村上的人成功地撤到了安全地帶。were able to表示“成功做了某事”。
can和could表示有能力,但不一定做到。例如:
He could be in time for the first class this morning, but there was a traffic accident. 他本可準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校上第一節(jié)課,但路上發(fā)生了交通事故。
can和may可用來表示“允許”或者征求對(duì)方的意見(請(qǐng)注意在疑問句和答句中的用法):
—Could I visit you again next Christmas?我能在明年圣誕節(jié)再來拜訪您嗎?(語(yǔ)氣委婉)
—Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not. 好啊。/ 恐怕不行。
—May I watch TV after finishing my homework? 做完作業(yè)可以看電視嗎?
—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you’d better not. 可以。/ 不行!/ 最好別看。
will / would在疑問句中用于第二人稱時(shí),表示詢問對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,后者更為婉轉(zhuǎn):
Will / Would you get me some souvenirs when you visit Shanghai Expo?你可以在參觀上海世博會(huì)的時(shí)候給我?guī)┘o(jì)念品嗎?
在疑問句中,shall 用來征求對(duì)方的意見或者請(qǐng)求指示:
Shall I fetch some orange juice for you? 要不要我給你拿些橘子汁來?
Since everybody is here, shall we start the meeting now? 既然每個(gè)人都到了,我們開會(huì)吧?
There’s an applicant for the interview. Shall he come in right now? 有位來應(yīng)聘的。要不要他馬上進(jìn)來?
must表示“必須,應(yīng)該”,是說話人的主觀意愿;否定式mustn’t表示“不應(yīng)該,不準(zhǔn),禁止”等:
We must observe the traffic rules. 我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。
You mustn’t farm on the Internet as a student, which costs lots of time. 作為學(xué)生不能網(wǎng)上種菜,那很耗時(shí)間的。
have (has) to表示客觀上的“需要,不得不”,強(qiáng)調(diào)來自外界的義務(wù):
It is time for the PE lesson. I have to go now. 是體育課的時(shí)間了,我得走了。
He is old enough now. You don’t have to worry about him. 他年齡不小了,你不必為他擔(dān)心。
shall用于第二、三人稱,表示說話人的命令、警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制等意思:
If you didn’t do as I told you. You shall not watch TV this evening. 你沒按照我說的去做,所以你今晚不能看電視。
No one shall smoke in this area. 任何人都不可以在這個(gè)地方吸煙。
should 表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、勸告等,主觀性強(qiáng):
You shouldn’t judge a man always by his appearance. 你不應(yīng)該總是以貌取人。
should和ought to的含義大致相同,ought to 強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任時(shí),比should語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng):
You ought to go and see Mary tomorrow. 明天你應(yīng)該去看瑪麗。