英語六級(jí)考試中閱讀如何拿滿分

　　歸納是必須掌握的技能

　　歸納

　　歸納是一種由特殊(個(gè)別)到一般的概括，從閱讀理解角度說，所謂個(gè)別即具體細(xì)節(jié)，所謂一般即章節(jié)段落的大意或主題，歸納是由特殊細(xì)節(jié)推向一般主題的概括過程。

　　我們可以借助詞的上下義關(guān)系來領(lǐng)會(huì)掌握并運(yùn)用歸納這一方法。

　　(1) 句子的歸納

　　A) Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences　previously associated with the preparation of meals.

　　B) Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven　without being defrosted.

　　C) Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are　away from the kitchen.

　　D) The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it　takes to cook a meal.

　　題中四句話都提到微波爐的好處，其中B、C、D

　　分別從方便、解凍、定時(shí)三個(gè)不同的方面具體講述微波爐不同于傳統(tǒng)炊具的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而A則從整體上覆蓋了上述三句的內(nèi)容，故A是對(duì)B、C、D的概括，上述分析、尋找最具概括意義之選項(xiàng)的過程即為歸納過程。推而廣之，我們可用之于段落和短文主題的歸納。

　　(2) 段落大意的歸納

　　Although most universities in the United States are run on a　semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some　schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring,　and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is　divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in　September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is　composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take　advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in　all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall　quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other

　　quarters.

　　A) Universities in the United States

　　B) The Academic Year

　　C) The Quarter System

　　D) The Semester System

　　本段由四個(gè)句子組成，各句大意分別為：1)有些學(xué)校實(shí)行四學(xué)期制;2)學(xué)年從9月至下年7月，前三個(gè)學(xué)期各長(zhǎng)11周，夏季學(xué)期最短;3)學(xué)生可于任何學(xué) 期注冊(cè)入學(xué);4)但大多數(shù)學(xué)生秋季入學(xué)。通過上述四句大意的歸納，可知本段落主要講述美國(guó)大學(xué)的一種學(xué)期制，即Quarter

　　System，答案為C。

　　(3) 短文主題的歸納

　　①Proponents of father-attended childbirth assert that the father’s　experience encourages him to develop a closer bond with his child…

　?、贏s a father of three teenagers from a previous marriage, one man　compared his past experience as a new father to being in the　delivery room during the birth of his newborn daughter…

　　③ Women report that they are much less anxious and more aware of　what is going on when their husbands are with them when they give　birth…

　　A) The Father-Daughter Relationship

　　B) Baby’s First View of Life

　　C) Dad in the Delivery Room

　　文章共三段，分別給出了各段的主題句。第一段談贊成女子分娩時(shí)丈夫陪在其身邊的觀點(diǎn)并認(rèn)為這一經(jīng)歷有利于將來父子關(guān)系的發(fā)展;第二段從男子的角度談妻子 分娩時(shí)陪在其身邊的感受;第三段則從女子自身的角度提到分娩時(shí)有丈夫在身邊會(huì)感到踏實(shí)、放心。通過對(duì)三段主題句的綜合概括，全文共同討論的是：女子分娩時(shí) 要不要未來的父親候在產(chǎn)房，因此答案為C。

　　考生需具有一定的推理能力

　　推理

　　閱讀除了需要理解文章的字面語義外，更需要透過字里行間領(lǐng)悟言外之意及作者的語氣、態(tài)度，這就要求讀者具有一定的推理能力。推理的前提就是閱讀到的有關(guān)文字——可能是短語或句子或整個(gè)段落甚至整篇短文。

　　讀者必須由表及里、由此及彼，從字里行間悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。推理的結(jié)果應(yīng)是既來自于字里行間、又高于字里行間;既符合原文實(shí)際內(nèi)涵，又超越實(shí)際內(nèi)涵;既基于已知事實(shí)，又不僅僅是已知事實(shí)。

　　正確的推理要求：

　　1切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)取代作者原意;

　　2客觀推測(cè)作者立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖;

　　3庇賞一已知事實(shí)可推出不止一個(gè)正確的結(jié)論。

　　例：Apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the　less well-off section of the community, there is no evidence that　economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street

　　violence.

　　A) There is some evidence for relating economic circumstances to　street violence.

　　B) Not all the people in the community referred to are poor.

　　C) There is no evidence that economic circumstances result from　street viloence.

　　D) All rioters come from the poorer section of the community.

　　本例中，只有A可由原文推知，其中Apart　from所引述的正是經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境與暴力的一種相關(guān)性;C否定了這一相關(guān)性，故與原文相悖;D與原句中 “rioters tend to come　from…”的原意不符：“往往”不等于“總是”;B則是原文第一部分的重述，不屬推論。