初中英語(yǔ)提高方法
提高英語(yǔ)水平只能慢慢來(lái),正如冰凍三尺非一日之寒。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的初中英語(yǔ)提高方法,供大家參閱!
初中英語(yǔ)提高方法篇1:如何提高初中英語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)同漢語(yǔ)一樣,首先是人們之間交往的工具,而不是一門(mén)單純的學(xué)科。我們要做到的是to learn English itself而不是to learn something about English。也就是說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)在于培養(yǎng)自己運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力,而不僅是了解一些有關(guān)語(yǔ)言的知識(shí)。談到能力不外乎“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)”四個(gè)方面,在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱中已有明確的規(guī)定。
1. 聽(tīng):
<1>能聽(tīng)懂課堂用語(yǔ),并作出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。
<2>能聽(tīng)懂教師用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言敘述課文內(nèi)容的梗概或故事。
<3>能聽(tīng)懂基本上沒(méi)有生詞,淺于所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士的錄音材料。三年制和四年制語(yǔ)速分別為每分鐘90—100和100—110個(gè)詞左右,聽(tīng)三遍,理解正確率達(dá)到70%以上。
2. 說(shuō):
<1>能就課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行回答。
<2>能復(fù)述課文大意。
<3>能就熟悉的題材看圖問(wèn)答,說(shuō)話等。
<4>能運(yùn)用《日常交際用語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)表》中的表達(dá)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的交談。
<5>在口語(yǔ)實(shí)踐中語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)基本正確。
3. 讀:
<1>能預(yù)習(xí)課文,初步理解課文大意。
<2>學(xué)會(huì)查詞典,能借助詞典閱讀難度相當(dāng)于課文的材料,理解其大意。
<3>能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)的材料,生詞率不超過(guò)3%。三年制和四年制閱讀速度分別為每分鐘40—50和50—60以上個(gè)詞,理解正確率達(dá)70%以上。
4. 寫(xiě):
<1>有良好的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣,能用書(shū)寫(xiě)體,在單格本上熟練清楚地書(shū)寫(xiě)。大、小寫(xiě);筆順;連筆;詞距;標(biāo)點(diǎn);符號(hào)正確。
<2>能聽(tīng)寫(xiě)與課文有關(guān),結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,沒(méi)有生詞的材料。三年制和四年制語(yǔ)速分別為每分鐘90—100和100—110個(gè)詞左右(第一遍只能不寫(xiě),第二遍邊聽(tīng)邊寫(xiě),書(shū)寫(xiě)速度三年制為每分鐘10個(gè)詞左右,四年制為每分鐘12個(gè)詞左右,第三遍檢查。)
<3>能筆頭回答就課文內(nèi)容提出的問(wèn)題。
<4>能在所學(xué)詞匯,語(yǔ)法和句型的范圍內(nèi)造簡(jiǎn)單的句子,能仿照學(xué)過(guò)的題材和所給的范例寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)信、便條、通知等。
這里要說(shuō)明的是,教學(xué)大綱所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容是我們初中英語(yǔ)的總目標(biāo)和要求,是我們經(jīng)過(guò)三年學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)達(dá)到的水平,也是衡量我們英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)不同于其它學(xué)科,切不可忽視其交際性、實(shí)踐性和長(zhǎng)期性。
初中英語(yǔ)提高方法篇2:初中英語(yǔ)的提高
一. 交際性:
首先語(yǔ)言的產(chǎn)生完全是為了滿足人與人之間交往的需要,學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言也需要在交際中進(jìn)行。如甲了解某事而乙不知道,兩人之間就出現(xiàn)了信息鴻溝,乙要跨越這一鴻溝就需要向甲發(fā)出詢(xún)問(wèn),兩人就在交往中建立了一定的聯(lián)系。因此學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)就應(yīng)在解決問(wèn)題的實(shí)際交往中進(jìn)行。這種交往除口頭外還可以是書(shū)面的,即讀者與作者之間的交往。進(jìn)行交往的首要條件是創(chuàng)設(shè)必要的情景,也就是說(shuō)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用必須結(jié)合適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、環(huán)境以及說(shuō)話人的姿態(tài)、表情等背景材料。同一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象在不同的場(chǎng)景下,可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的內(nèi)涵。 如:
<1>I can't find my bag. Who has taken it away?
<2>Your head feels hot. Have you taken your temperature?
<3>I think you've got a cold. Please have a rest and take some medicine.
<4>We want to go to the science Museum. Could you tell me which bus we can take?
<5>The school is far away, so Mr Smith takes the children there every day.
<6>The room was so dirty that it took us more than half an hour to clean it last Saturday.
<7>This jacket is very cheap. I'll take it.
通過(guò)以上幾個(gè)例句便可以說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言與情景是分不開(kāi)的。我們學(xué)母語(yǔ)時(shí)正是處在豐富的真情實(shí)景中,所以學(xué)起來(lái)既自然又輕松。而學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)往往更多地注意詞匯句型、語(yǔ)法等,忽略了情景的作用,會(huì)感到既空洞又乏味。解決的辦法就是徹底改變目前的學(xué)習(xí)方法,恢復(fù)語(yǔ)言本來(lái)面目。愚蠢的人把活的語(yǔ)言當(dāng)成死的教條,聰明的人才能在千變?nèi)f化的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中抓住語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)。表現(xiàn)的情景的手段多種多樣,但總的說(shuō)起來(lái)有兩大類(lèi),即直觀的和抽象的。前者在口語(yǔ)中表現(xiàn)的淋離盡至,后者在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中隱約顯現(xiàn)。但無(wú)論哪種情況,學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言首先要準(zhǔn)確地了解使用語(yǔ)言的情景,我們應(yīng)該記住情景第一,結(jié)構(gòu)第二。如:
A:Would you like to get together this weekend?
B:Sure. What would you like to do?
A:Well, how about seeing a movie?
B:That sounds good. Did you have any particular movie in mind?
A:Well, they say that A Man and His Horse is very good. It's playing at the RialtoTheatre. B:A Man and His Horse? That's a western, isn't it?
A:I think so.
B:Well, to tell you the truth, I don't like westerns very much.
A:Oh. Well, is there any particular movie you'd like to see?
B:How about The Return of the Monster? It's playing at the Shopping Mall Cinema, and I hear it's excellent.
A:The Return of the Monster? Hmm. Isn't that a science fiction movie?
B:Yes. Don't you like science fiction movies?
A:No, not really. Maybe we shouldn't see a movie. Maybe we should do something else. B:OK. Would you be interested in doing something outdoors?
A:Sure. Any suggestions?
B:Well, we could go ice skating.
A:I'm afraid I don't really enjoy going ice skating. How about going hiking?
B:Well, to tell the truth, I've gone hiking several times in the past few weeks.
A:Really? Then I guess you must be pretty tired of hiking.
B:I am. Let's do something else.
A:Why don't we just have dinner together somewhere this Saturday?
B:That sounds like a good idea.
這段對(duì)話比較長(zhǎng),其中可能有些生詞,不太容易完全掌握。但對(duì)話中第一句A就明確提出要在周末聚一聚,接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容都是圍繞著周末聚會(huì)展開(kāi)的,其中提到看電影(see a movie)、滑冰(go skating)、徒步旅行(go hiking)和吃飯(have dinner together)。
通過(guò)對(duì)話不難看出兩個(gè)人在前三件事情上都沒(méi)能取的一致意思,最后只好一起出去吃飯。情景清楚了,下面就來(lái)看一看所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言。歸納如下:
1. 提建議:
Would you like to get together this weekend?
How about seeing a movie?
Maybe we should do something else.
Would you be interested in doing something outdoors?
Let's do something else.
Why don't we just have dinner together somewhere this Saturday?
2. 表示同意:
Sure. That sounds good. I think so.
That sounds like a good idea.
3. 表示反對(duì):
Well, to tell you the truth, I don't like westerns very much.
No, not really.
I'm afraid I don't really enjoy going ice skating.
然而在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)情景表現(xiàn)就不太直觀,需要讀者進(jìn)行一定的分析推理,才能搞明白,請(qǐng)閱讀下文:
Three people were walking along a street, first a big man, then a pretty woman, and then an old gentleman. The first two went round a corner. Suddenly the gentleman saw a piece of paper on the ground. He picked it up. It was five pounds. A few seconds later, the young woman came back. She was crying. “I have dropped five pounds, ”she said.
“Don't cry, ”said the gentleman. “Here it is. ”The young woman thanked him and went away. After a few seconds, the big man came back. He was looking for something. Suddenly a window opened and a small man looked out. “I saw five pounds fall from your pocket,”he said,“but that man gave it to a young woman. ”The big man was very angry. The gentleman was frightened and gave him another five pounds. When he had gone, the young woman came back to get her one pound thirteen shillings and four pence, and the small man came out to get his.
從表面上看,我們只能了解到這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在大街上,其中涉及到四個(gè)人物。接下來(lái)通過(guò)大致情節(jié)我們得知故事是圍繞一張五英鎊的鈔票展開(kāi)的,但這還不是故事的關(guān)鍵一進(jìn)步分析揭示出青年女士、大塊頭男人和小個(gè)子男士的出現(xiàn)不是偶然的巧合,而是他們串通在一起所設(shè)下的騙局,目的是向那位老年紳士詐騙五英磅。最后還應(yīng)了解英國(guó)舊幣值1 pound = 20 shillings. 1 shilling = 12 pence. 因此五英鎊由三個(gè)人平均分,每人一英鎊十三先令便士。至此我們才能說(shuō)基本上搞清楚故事的來(lái)龍去脈。文章中所涉及的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)也不像對(duì)話中那么集中,也需要認(rèn)真分析才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。不同的人從不同的角度可能會(huì)有不同的收獲。如:
1. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
pick up: He picked it up.
look for: He was looking for something.
2. 固定句型:
see sb. /sth. + do sth: I saw five pounds fall from your pocket.
give sth to sb. : …but that man gave it to a young woman.
sb. + vi. +to do sth. : …the young woman came back to get her one pound thirteen shillings and four pence…
二. 實(shí)踐性:
既然語(yǔ)言的產(chǎn)生是為了滿足人們實(shí)際的需要,語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)必須從了解情景入手,學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的途徑就是親自實(shí)踐,在使用中學(xué)習(xí)。
在母語(yǔ)的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)需要我們進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)自覺(jué)性和針對(duì)性,集中時(shí)間、集中精力針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行反復(fù)實(shí)踐,以求得立竿見(jiàn)影的效果。具體做法是:Repetition——Substitution——Imitation——Creation,其中:
Repetition(重復(fù)):即對(duì)所學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的,機(jī)械的重復(fù),以求得熟練掌握。但這種重復(fù)并不是抽象的,必須結(jié)合語(yǔ)言使用的情景,使我們對(duì)情景和語(yǔ)言形成一種條件反射,做到脫口而出。如上文提到的see sb. do sth。我們首先必須通過(guò)多次重復(fù)熟悉原句:I saw
five pounds fall from your pocket.
Substitution(替換):既運(yùn)用替換詞對(duì)所學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行局部替換,但基本上不改變?cè)渌幍那榫啊F淠康氖窃跈C(jī)械重復(fù)和自由運(yùn)用之間架起一座橋梁,以保證我們掌握原句的精髓。上文所提到的句型中,我們可對(duì)主語(yǔ)I,賓語(yǔ)five pounds和介詞賓語(yǔ)your pocket進(jìn)行替換,如:
·The small man saw five pounds fall from your pocket.
·I saw a ticket fall from your pocket.
·I saw five pounds fall from the window of the building.
Imitation(模仿):即在簡(jiǎn)單替換的基礎(chǔ)上,模仿原句的表達(dá)方法,對(duì)原句所處情景進(jìn)行較大的改動(dòng),但不能脫離原句的原則。改變的可以是句子的內(nèi)容,也可以是句子的時(shí)態(tài),但千變?nèi)f化不能脫離see sb. /sth. do sth. 的基本句型,上文所提到的句型,我們既可以替換其主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),也可替換不定式fall,介詞短語(yǔ)from„或改變整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)或句型,如: I saw a thief break into your house yesterday.
The students saw a car knock into a tree that day.
We have seen these things happen many times.
Do you often see Tom get up so early?
Creation(創(chuàng)新):即根據(jù)原句所提供的表達(dá)方法,試著在其他情景中加以運(yùn)用。這需要進(jìn)行大量實(shí)踐,認(rèn)真分析原句的精髓,找到其中的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,以求得舉一返三,觸類(lèi)旁通的效果。做到這里,才算學(xué)到的所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言。上文提到的句型,我們可以其他感官動(dòng)詞替換see,也可以動(dòng)名詞doing替換不定式do,從而演變出一些其他的句型。
如:Have you heard someone singing outside?
The boys are watching the old worker running the matchine.
Did you see the star moving in the sky last night?
這里還要提到的是好多同學(xué)對(duì)記單詞感到很頭疼,很煩惱。記單詞固然很重要,但句型比單詞更為重要。因?yàn)槿魏握Z(yǔ)言中,能表達(dá)完整意思的最小單位是句子,而不是單詞。單詞如果脫離了句型,就會(huì)變成抽象的、無(wú)用的東西。另外單詞只有在具體的語(yǔ)境中猜得出,才能聽(tīng)得懂,記得牢,用得對(duì)。如果對(duì)方只說(shuō)出一個(gè)單詞door,我們并不清楚其確切的意思,其可能性就多了。
如:·Open the door, please. ·Would you please close the door?
·Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
·The door is locked. ·Where is the door to my room?
所以我們必須將句型作為學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題來(lái)對(duì)待,要通過(guò)句型學(xué)習(xí)詞匯,通過(guò)句型學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法,通過(guò)句型進(jìn)行交往。但這并非是英文單詞可以不背了,語(yǔ)法可以不練了,我們的意思是以句型為中心完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
初中英語(yǔ)提高方法篇3:技能培養(yǎng)
語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)固然包括知識(shí)的積累,但更多的是技能的培養(yǎng)。英語(yǔ)技能即前面所談聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四個(gè)方面,教學(xué)大綱中已對(duì)其作出具體要求,我們這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)技能的過(guò)程。這個(gè)過(guò)程應(yīng)該是循序漸進(jìn)的,有目的、有計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的,不是一朝一夕就能完成的。 聽(tīng)力的培養(yǎng)即提高我們耳朵對(duì)英語(yǔ)音素的分辨能力。教學(xué)大綱要求聽(tīng)懂英美人士的錄音材料,語(yǔ)速在每分鐘90—100個(gè)詞。要達(dá)到這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),我們必須從聽(tīng)單句開(kāi)始,語(yǔ)速在每分鐘30—40個(gè)詞。然后逐步增加所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容,同時(shí)提高語(yǔ)速。從效果上講,不要求100%聽(tīng)懂,每篇材料只要能聽(tīng)懂70—80%,就算通過(guò),全部聽(tīng)懂對(duì)聽(tīng)力的提高促進(jìn)作用不大。所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括生活的各個(gè)方面,形式也應(yīng)包羅萬(wàn)象,語(yǔ)音既要有英國(guó)英語(yǔ)也要有美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。 說(shuō)的能力既要求我們具有正確的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào),也要求我們養(yǎng)成地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。這除了對(duì)我們的發(fā)音器官進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練外,還要對(duì)我們的思維進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。也就是說(shuō)要根據(jù)不同的情景選擇不同的表達(dá)方法。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中我們首先要掌握一定的詞匯、句型和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)而要熟悉一系列的固定表達(dá)方式,最后還要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)不同情景靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)。訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容可由簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)候、感謝、道歉、建議等到較為復(fù)雜的情景會(huì)話,如:打電話、談天氣、購(gòu)物、問(wèn)路、看病等,最后還應(yīng)向口頭作文發(fā)展。訓(xùn)練方式可由簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)答、對(duì)話到較為復(fù)雜的會(huì)話、復(fù)述,最后還應(yīng)向講故事、演話劇、演說(shuō)等發(fā)展。在初級(jí)階段的要求是正確的,高級(jí)階段的要求是完美,而完美是無(wú)止境的。
閱讀能力與聽(tīng)力一樣,都是我們接受外界信息的途徑之一,只不過(guò)閱讀更突出心智技能的培養(yǎng)。對(duì)閱讀能力的考查往往是檢驗(yàn)我們英語(yǔ)水平的重要手段之一,因此在我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的整個(gè)過(guò)程中,閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)占有舉足輕重的地位。這里一方面要求的是準(zhǔn)確性,另一方面要求的是閱讀速度。兩者都不是短期內(nèi)能夠奏效的。閱讀能力的提高首先要求不斷增加詞匯、句型和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還要不斷提高分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力。在后面的閱讀理解一章中我們還要詳細(xì)討論。
寫(xiě)的能力指的是筆頭表達(dá)能力,首先是良好的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成,如:書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范、拼寫(xiě)正確等。與口頭表達(dá)相比,筆頭表達(dá)要求更高的準(zhǔn)確性。在英語(yǔ)中詞語(yǔ)一般分為正式用語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ),后者用于口頭,前者用于書(shū)面。正式用語(yǔ)往往比非正式用語(yǔ)較難掌握,因此其訓(xùn)練周期也相對(duì)要長(zhǎng)些。而且筆頭表達(dá)能力的提高除了與我們掌握詞匯、句型和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的程度有關(guān)外,還受我們口頭表達(dá)能力和閱讀能力的影響。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言往往是先會(huì)說(shuō),再會(huì)寫(xiě),說(shuō)一般只解決使對(duì)方聽(tīng)懂的問(wèn)題,寫(xiě)則還要進(jìn)一步解決表達(dá)完美的問(wèn)題。訓(xùn)練方式應(yīng)從簡(jiǎn)單的回答問(wèn)題入手,逐步過(guò)渡到編簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話和寫(xiě)應(yīng)用文,如:書(shū)信、通知、日記、便條等,直至達(dá)到改寫(xiě)文章和命題作文。