2019年中考英語語法知識
2019年中考英語語法知識
掌握中考英語語法知識，絕對能考個好成績。小編在此獻(xiàn)上英語語法使用技巧，希望對你有所幫助。
動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)
i. 要點
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時
(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實等。如：the earth goes round the sun.
2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
(1) 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：
what are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：
he is always doing good deeds.
3、 現(xiàn)在完成時
主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:have you ever been to beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
i'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
we're going to see a film next monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：it happened many years ago.
6、過去進(jìn)行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：
what were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：
the train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：
he said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，以give為例。
短語動詞
i. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：
don't laugh at others.
i didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：you'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：
all his money added up to no more than 0.
after a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：you should pay attention to your handwriting.
we should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
the prisoners were set free.
he cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：
this story took place three years ago.
i make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
ii. 例題
例1 it is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
a put away b kept up c given away d laid up
解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 here's my card. let's keep in ____.
a touch b relation c connection d friendship
解析：該題正確答案為a. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3 ____! there's a train coming.
a look out b look around c look forward d look on
解析：該題選a. look out 意為"小心"。
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