不可不知的“股市行情”：“熊市”和“牛市”

　　我們?cè)谛侣剤?bào)道中都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)股市的“熊市”和“牛市”，也知道股票投資是靠差價(jià)來(lái)賺錢(qián)的。下面這段對(duì)話將給您簡(jiǎn)單又全面地介紹一下股市。

　　Julia: Would you tell me something about stock? Mike: Sure, what do you want me to start with? Julia: Uhh, you can start with the explanation of some terms like "a bull " and "a bear ". Mike: OK. A bull is a situation in which share prices are rising. Julia: What about a bear, then? Mike: A bear is a situation in which share prices keep falling. Julia: Oh, I see. But why the prices get rising or falling? Mike: If there are more buyers, the price will rise. Otherwise, the price will be lower and lower. Julia: How can we make money in the stock market? Mike: If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. Julia: I heard that some people can earn money out of a bear market. How do they win in such a situation? Mike: If you believe the market will fall down, you can sell out your shares and then buy back at a lower price. The price difference is your profit. Julia: It sounds easy to make money from stock investment. Mike: Not at all. When you really invest in stock market, you'll get involved into the whole world. Julia: What do you mean by that? Mike: To decide which share you'll buy in is quite hard sometimes. You have to consider the market tendency; the growth of the company and you'd better know something about technical analysis. Julia: So boring it is. I'd better invest in some fixed interest fields. Mike: Certainly you can. You won't suffer from the risks. But your wallet will suffer. Julia: What should I do? Mike: If you really want to invest in stock, perhaps you should find a broker.

　　Notes：

　　1. 對(duì)話中，Mike給Julia講了一些關(guān)于股票和股票市場(chǎng)的知識(shí)，我們來(lái)從頭看一看。首先是“牛市”和“熊市”這兩個(gè)概念，“牛市”就是“a bull market”，bull是“公牛”的意思。“牛市”就是指“股價(jià)上漲的股市”。 “熊市”，a bear market，就是指“股價(jià)不斷下跌的股市”。

　　2. start with sth 這個(gè)詞組表示“以某件事物作為開(kāi)始”，比如說(shuō)，You can start with your self-introduction，你可以從自我介紹開(kāi)始。同時(shí)，to start with還可以表示“第一，首先”，比如說(shuō)，To start with we haven't got enough money, and secondly we're too busy. 一來(lái)是我們的錢(qián)不夠，二來(lái)我們沒(méi)有時(shí)間。

　　3. 另外，to start with還有“起初，開(kāi)始”的意思，比如說(shuō)，The company had only 10,000 dollars to start with. 這家公司最初的投資只有1萬(wàn)美元。關(guān)于start 還有一個(gè)在口語(yǔ)中很常用的表達(dá)方式，就是start something，表示“惹事，熱麻煩，闖禍”，比如說(shuō)，You shouldn't have spoken to him like that - you've really started something now. 你真不應(yīng)該和他那樣說(shuō)話，這下你可闖禍了。

　　4. 那么股價(jià)為什么會(huì)有漲有跌呢?股票價(jià)格上漲，share prices are rising. 那么股票價(jià)格下跌呢，share prices keep falling。Mike解釋說(shuō)，如果買的人多了，這支股票的價(jià)格就會(huì)上漲，否則，股價(jià)就會(huì)越來(lái)越低。Julia又問(wèn)，怎么樣能在股市上賺錢(qián)呢?這是所有在股市投資的人都關(guān)心的問(wèn)題了。

　　5. Mike說(shuō)If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. 如果你相信股價(jià)會(huì)上漲，你可以買進(jìn)或者持股不動(dòng)，如果股價(jià)真的上漲了，這時(shí)候再把手里的股票賣掉，就可以賺錢(qián)了。Hang on這個(gè)詞組可以表示“緊握著”， 比如說(shuō)，We should hang on to the shares until their prices are higher. 在股票價(jià)格升高之前，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力保住這些股票。再舉一個(gè)例子，Hang on to the strap. The bus is starting. 抓住皮帶，汽車要開(kāi)動(dòng)了。同時(shí)hang on也是一種電話用語(yǔ)，意思是“別掛斷”， 比如說(shuō)，Hang on a minute; I'm coming. 請(qǐng)稍等一下，我馬上就來(lái)。make a profit on something表示“在……獲利”，跟make a fortune on something這個(gè)詞組差不多。

　　6. Julia還聽(tīng)說(shuō)有些人在熊市也能獲利，他們是怎么做的呢?Mike解釋說(shuō)，如果你認(rèn)為股市會(huì)下跌，你賣出股票，然后再以較低的價(jià)格買回，其中的差價(jià)就是你的利潤(rùn)。Price difference就是指“差價(jià)”。這應(yīng)該很好理解吧。所以Julia覺(jué)得在股市賺錢(qián)好像很容易。Make money from something這個(gè)詞組就表示“從……賺錢(qián)”，比如說(shuō)，He made some money from selling newspaper. 他賣報(bào)紙賺了一些錢(qián)。

　　7. Mike說(shuō)在股市上賺錢(qián)絕沒(méi)有聽(tīng)起來(lái)那么容易。因?yàn)槿绻阍诠墒型读速Y，你也就卷入了整個(gè)世界。為什么會(huì)這么說(shuō)呢?What do you mean by that? 也就是What do you mean by saying that? 因?yàn)橐獩Q定買哪一只股票有時(shí)相當(dāng)困難，你要考慮市場(chǎng)的走勢(shì)，公司的發(fā)展，而且最好還要懂一些技術(shù)分析。不是光憑運(yùn)氣就可以的。

　　8. Julia聽(tīng)了這些就覺(jué)得很無(wú)聊了，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)這些一竅不通，所以她打算搞一些固定利率方面的投資吧，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)小一點(diǎn)。不過(guò)這樣的話，Julia錢(qián)包就要受苦了，因?yàn)檫@些固定利率方面的投資回報(bào)都很少，不像在股市上那樣利潤(rùn)豐厚。所以，在賺更多的錢(qián)的同時(shí)，也要承受更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Mike建議Julia如果真的想在股市投資的話，就去找一個(gè)經(jīng)紀(jì)人，幫助她投資。股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人就是broker。