英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯
英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯
美文可以用來涵養(yǎng)學(xué)生心靈,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象能力,為學(xué)生提供寫作素材,并可用來提供寫作技巧方面的借鑒。小編精心收集了初中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯，供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
初中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯篇1
Plants in the Deserts
Some cacti, like the saguaro, grow to tree size, but true trees need more moisture than mostdesert environments can supply, so they are scarce on deserts. Close to streambeds,cottonwoods can sometimes be found. Though these streams are dry most of the year, waterflows there longest and is usually available fairly close to the surface. Elsewhere, trees mustsend taproots deep into the hard baked desert soil to draw on underground water. Perhaps themost widespread family of trees on the world's deserts is the acacia, whose taproots drilldown as far as 25 feet (7. 5 meters). The mesquite common on North American deserts in bothtree and shrub forms,does not begin to grow above ground until its root system is completelydeveloped, ensuring the plant a supply of moisture. The roots of shrubs and trees help to holdthe desert soil in place. Their stalks and branches also act as screens to keep the wind fromsweeping great drifts of sand along the surface. These services are vital if a desert is tosupport life. Scientists estimate that a desert needs year round plant cover over 20 to 40percent of its surface. If shrubs are too far apart-separated by a distance greater than fivetimes their height - soil around them is likely to blow away. Without the shelter of establishedshrubs, new seedlings will have difficulty in getting a start.
On the other hand, plants that are too close together may compete for underground moisture.To protect themselves from this competition some shrubs give off a substance that killsyoung plants that sprout too close to them. In addition to a few varieties of trees and toughshrubs, most deserts have grasses, herbs, and other annual plants. These do not compete formoisture with the longer lived growth. They spring up quickly after rains, when the surface ismoist. Then, for a brief time, the desert can be literally carpeted with color. Almost as quickly asthey appeared,these small plants die away. But they have developed special ways of ensuringthe life of another generation when rains come again.
沙漠中的植物
一些仙人掌，如撒瓜羅，能長(zhǎng)到象樹那么高。 但真正的樹卻需要比大多數(shù)沙漠所能提供的更多的水份，所以樹在沙漠里是鮮見的。在小溪河床附近，有時(shí)能發(fā)現(xiàn)三角葉楊。 盡管一年的大多數(shù)時(shí)間里這些小溪都是干涸的，那里卻是水流得時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的地方而且水份相當(dāng)靠近地表。 其它地方樹木的主根必須深入受炙烤而堅(jiān)硬的沙漠底部的土壤以吸取地下水。 在沙漠里分布最廣的樹或許是刺魏，其主根能深達(dá)25 英尺(合7 5 米)。 牧豆樹屬植物不論是喬木和灌木，在北美沙漠中常?？梢姡谒肯到y(tǒng)完全生長(zhǎng)發(fā)達(dá)到能保證提供充足的水分時(shí)才長(zhǎng)出地面。 灌木和樹的根有助于固定沙漠中的土壤，它們的莖和樹枝同時(shí)起屏障的作用，防止風(fēng)從沙漠表面吹起大堆的沙。 如果沙漠要支持生命，這種作用必不可少。 科學(xué)家估計(jì)一年之中植物必須覆蓋沙漠表面的 20%到 40%。 如果灌木間隔太遠(yuǎn)--大于它們高度的5 倍--周圍的土壤就可能被吹走。 如果沒有這些灌木作為保護(hù)，新的種子很難生長(zhǎng)。 另一方面，植物相互靠得太近卻會(huì)引起競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地下水分。
為避免競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一些灌木會(huì)釋放一種物質(zhì)來殺死那些距他們太近發(fā)芽的植物。 除了一些種類的樹木和頑強(qiáng)的灌木外，大多數(shù)沙漠里還有青草、草本植物和其它年生植物。 它們并不與長(zhǎng)期生長(zhǎng)的樹木競(jìng)爭(zhēng)水份。當(dāng)雨后地表還潮濕時(shí)它們就迅速發(fā)芽，然后在一個(gè)短時(shí)間里，給沙漠鋪上綠色地毯。這些小植物很快就消失了，幾乎就象它們長(zhǎng)出來時(shí)那樣迅速，但它們已發(fā)展了特殊方式來保證在下次降雨來時(shí)下一代的生命。
初中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯篇2
Plankton
Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals calledplankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They driftabout lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.
Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry landcontinents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however,plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grassesof the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea'splankton generates more than twice as much.
Despite its enormous food potential, little effect was made until recently to farm plankton aswe farm grasses on land.Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility,especially as the sea's resources loom even more important as a means of feeding anexpanding world population.
No one yet has seriously suggested that "planktonburgers" may soon become popular aroundthe world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source,however,plankton is gainingconsiderable interest among marine scientists.
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creaturecalled krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the great bluewhale, the largest animal ever inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to 100feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one
ton of krill daily.
浮游生物
數(shù)十億噸的被稱為"浮游生物"的小動(dòng)物、植物散布在世界的海洋中。 這些小的動(dòng)、植物大多太小而難以被人眼看到。 它們隨波逐流，為許多較大的動(dòng)物提供了基本的食物。 浮游生物曾被描述為生長(zhǎng)在大陸陸地上的各種草類的海洋對(duì)應(yīng)物。 這種比喻是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?然而就潛在的食物價(jià)值而言，浮游生物遠(yuǎn)勝于草類。 一位科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)估計(jì)，世界上的草類每年生產(chǎn)大約490 億噸有用的碳水化合物，而海洋里的浮游生物每年生產(chǎn)的碳水化合物
多于此數(shù)的兩倍。 盡管浮游生物具備巨大的食物潛能，但直到最近人們還很少象種植草類那樣付出努力養(yǎng)殖浮游生物。 現(xiàn)在，海洋科學(xué)家們至少已開始研究這種可能性。 全球人口不斷擴(kuò)張，海洋資源作為食品的重要性日益突出。 現(xiàn)在還沒有人認(rèn)真說過"浮游生物漢堡" 會(huì)很快在世界上流行起來。 然而，作為一種可能養(yǎng)殖的補(bǔ)充性食物資源，浮游生物正引起了海洋科學(xué)家們相當(dāng)大的興趣。 一種似乎具有很大收獲可能性的微小的蝦狀浮游生物被稱為鱗蝦。鱗蝦長(zhǎng)至2～3 英寸長(zhǎng)時(shí)即成為地球上曾居住過的最大動(dòng)物--藍(lán)鯨的主要食物。
成熟的藍(lán)鯨可以達(dá)到 100 英尺長(zhǎng)，150 噸重，所以每頭鯨每天吞食 1 噸多的鱗蝦一點(diǎn)也不讓人吃驚。
初中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯篇3
Piano
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth andsixteenth centuries -- the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century theorgan, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboardgroup, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of theeighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless,because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord asympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music.The harpsichord with its bright,vigorous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the small orchestra ofthe period and for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save bymechanical or structural devices.
The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy(thoughmusicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument wascalled a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings werestruck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in theearlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenthcentury, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection ofa metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable ofmyriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness ofsound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.
鋼琴
鋼琴的家系可以追溯至 15 至 16 世紀(jì)早期的鍵盤樂器，包括小型撥弦琴、洋琴和維金娜琴。 17 世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員。 這種至高無(wú)上的地位一直為它們所保持，直到 18 世紀(jì)末期鋼琴將它們?nèi)〈?敲弦古鋼琴的音調(diào)有金屬的音質(zhì)，缺乏雄勁。 然而由于它的音調(diào)變化多，許多作曲家發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于親切的室內(nèi)樂是一種得體的樂器。 人們最喜歡用具備明快有力音調(diào)的撥弦古鋼琴來配合當(dāng)時(shí)小型管弦樂團(tuán)的低音樂器以及在演奏會(huì)上演奏。 但它的音調(diào)難以變化，除非使用機(jī)械或構(gòu)件裝置。18 世紀(jì)早期的意大利，鋼琴在一位撥琴鋼琴制造者手中得到完善(盡管音樂理論家們指出有更早的例子) 。 這種樂器被稱為pianoeforte (意大利語(yǔ)，柔和而響亮的)，以顯示它有力的多樣性。 演奏者用一個(gè)頭部帶皮氈的彈擊樂錘敲擊琴弦。 更早的這種樂器之上的金屬絲要重得多。
從此，持續(xù)到 19 世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn)，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳性能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂器。 這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂音響，從明快流暢的吟唱的音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂器的清晰動(dòng)人的恢宏氣勢(shì)。
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