考研英語(yǔ)閱讀美文兩篇
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀美文兩篇
在全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試中,閱讀理解試題在整個(gè)試卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英語(yǔ)閱讀能力，最好的辦法就是多看多練。為了提高大家的閱讀水平，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀美文兩篇，希望大家喜歡!
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀美文：背景音樂(lè)很糟糕
Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart, because background music can impairyour ability to perform memory tasks, new research has found.
最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)邊復(fù)習(xí)功課并非明智之舉：因?yàn)楸尘耙魳?lè)會(huì)降低你完成與記憶力相關(guān)的任務(wù)的能力。
Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight consonants in the order they were presented. They did this while in five different sound environments: quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (a sequence of random digits); and steady state (a sequence of steadydigits such as “3, 3, 3, 3”).
參與調(diào)查者聽(tīng)到8 個(gè)輔音字母，他們必須按照播放順序進(jìn)行復(fù)述。他們聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，分別處在5 種不同的背景聲音中：安靜環(huán)境、喜歡的背景音樂(lè)、不喜歡的背景音樂(lè)、數(shù)字不斷變化的響聲，數(shù)字不變的響聲(例如：3，3，3，3)。
The participants’ recall ability was poorest when listening to music, regardless of whether they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions. The most accurate recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments, according to the study published online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.
結(jié)果顯示，無(wú)論他們喜歡還是不喜歡背景音樂(lè)，在播放音樂(lè)和數(shù)字不斷變化的聲音環(huán)境里，被調(diào)查者的記憶力都最差。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在《應(yīng)用認(rèn)知心理學(xué)》上，研究指出人在安靜環(huán)境下記憶力最好。
“ The poorer performance of the music and changing-state sounds are due to the acousticalvariation within those environments. This impairs the ability to recall the order of items, via rehearsal, within the presented list, ” explained lead researcher Nick Perham, a lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, in a news release from the journal’s publisher.
威爾士大學(xué)卡地夫?qū)W院的首席研究員尼克·珀罕在該期刊的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)：“音樂(lè)與不斷變化的聲音影響了人們的表現(xiàn)，這是因?yàn)槟切┉h(huán)境聲音變化會(huì)影響人們復(fù)述測(cè)試內(nèi)容的能力。”
“Mental arithmetic also requires the ability to retain order information in the short-term viarehearsal, and may be similarly affected by their performance in the presence of changing-state, background environments,” he added.
“心算也需要通過(guò)練習(xí)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住信息的順序，因此也可能受到背景環(huán)境的影響，”珀罕補(bǔ)充道。
When performing a challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
珀罕建議人們應(yīng)該找一個(gè)安靜的環(huán)境來(lái)完成一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的腦力勞動(dòng)。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀美文：神奇水
A brain chemical dubbed ‘ the hormone of love ’could encourage wallflowers to become more outgoing at social gatherings, a study shows. Now researchers have found it improves the social skills of the shy-but has little effect on those who are naturally confident. The finding could have implications for those with severe social deficiencies, often apparent in conditions like autism.
一種名叫“愛(ài)情荷爾蒙”的大腦刺激藥品能夠幫助害羞的人在社交場(chǎng)合“暢所欲言”。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)藥品改進(jìn)了害羞的人的社交技巧，但是對(duì)那些“天生自信”的人卻“收效甚微”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，藥品對(duì)那些患有嚴(yán)重的社交缺陷的人療效明顯，比如：自閉癥患者。
They conducted a test of 27 healthy adult men, giving them the hormone or a placebo via a nasalspray and then asking them to perform an‘empathetic accuracy task’. This involved watching others discussing emotional moments in their lives, then rating how they felt those people were feeling. The scientists, whose research is published in Psychological Science, also measured the participants’ social competency, using a test known as AQ which is usually used in autistic patients.
研究邀請(qǐng)了27 名健康男性，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了針對(duì)性測(cè)試。用噴霧給他們“注射”荷爾蒙，進(jìn)而觀察在“強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)確性”的任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)。他們觀察別人談?wù)撋钪屑?dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，實(shí)驗(yàn)再對(duì)他們就他人身上發(fā)生的事情的感受能力打分。研究還對(duì)參與者的“社會(huì)能力”進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，測(cè)試中囊括了一種叫做“逆境商數(shù)”(AQ)的測(cè)驗(yàn)。這種測(cè)驗(yàn)通常用來(lái)測(cè)試自閉癥患者。
The more socially comfortable participants performed well on the empathetic accuracy task regardless of whether they were on oxytocin or placebo, but less socially proficient participants performed significantly better on oxytocin, with their empathetic accuracy performance identical to that of the socially proficient participants. Prof Jennifer Bartz, of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, said: “Oxytocin is widely believed to make all people more empathic and understanding of others. Our study contradicts that. Instead, oxytocin appears to be helpful only for those who are less socially proficient. Our data show that oxytocin selectively improves social cognition in people who are less socially proficient, but had little impact on more socially proficient individuals.”
不管有沒(méi)有“催產(chǎn)素”，表現(xiàn)“自信”的人都在“同情心測(cè)試”中表現(xiàn)得很好，但是“不那么自信”的人的表現(xiàn)卻顯著提升，甚至到達(dá)了和“自信”的人一樣的水平。西奈山醫(yī)院的詹妮弗·巴茨教授說(shuō)：“人們普遍認(rèn)為‘催產(chǎn)素’能使人變得更加有同情心，更能理解別人。但是我們的研究與這種觀點(diǎn)不同。我們認(rèn)為“催產(chǎn)素”對(duì)那些社交能力不強(qiáng)的人很有效果。我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示“催產(chǎn)素”可以選擇性地改善人們的社交認(rèn)知能力，它對(duì)社交能力不強(qiáng)的人效果很好，但是對(duì)本身就很自信的人沒(méi)有什么效果。
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