大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作進(jìn)階指導(dǎo)
大學(xué)英語寫作中，有哪些進(jìn)階的技巧可以幫助我們突破的?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作進(jìn)階指導(dǎo)，供大家參閱!
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作進(jìn)階指導(dǎo)
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作題型根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書信體作文等。首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首(尾)句續(xù)寫短文。段首句作文也稱主題句作文，因?yàn)樽魑念}中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點(diǎn)是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個(gè)段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句(topic sentences)。考生要按主題句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句(supporting sentences)來支持或說明主題句，寫英文段首句作文要注意：所寫的內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，輔助句應(yīng)圍繞段首句續(xù)寫。保證段內(nèi)每個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容與段首句緊密展開各個(gè)段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對(duì)比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時(shí)是一個(gè)完整的句子，有時(shí)不是一個(gè)完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求我們一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞，圍繞這些關(guān)鍵詞去擴(kuò)展、描述或說明。
[例1]Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each
paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
[范文]
Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials, writers, scientists, doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others. They share comforts and hardships with each other.
In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
第一段首句是講婦女在社會(huì)上的作用，因而續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容緊緊圍繞婦女的社會(huì)作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機(jī)關(guān)的工作人員、科學(xué)家、教師等;第二句的段首句是關(guān)于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容也是有關(guān)夫妻患難與共;第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)，續(xù)寫的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問題，整個(gè)續(xù)寫的部分緊扣段首句。
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作技巧講解
六級(jí)閱卷老師在語言方面主要從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行評(píng)判：
1、基本正確
四、六級(jí)考生的最大問題不是寫得太簡(jiǎn)單，而是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤太多?；A(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)即使使用小學(xué)或中學(xué)詞匯和句型，只要使用得基本正確，也可以得到及格分?jǐn)?shù)。考生最常犯的語言錯(cuò)誤有三類：語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)。最常犯的語法錯(cuò)誤包括：時(shí)態(tài)、冠詞、主謂一致、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等。
2、豐富多變 基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)，要想取得四、六級(jí)寫作高分，應(yīng)做到豐富多變。豐富多變體現(xiàn)在詞匯和句型兩方面。同一詞語在一句話、一個(gè)段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)盡量使用同、近義詞替換(無法替換的關(guān)鍵詞除外)。例如：think可以替換為reckon, assume, argue等詞。如果想不到同、近義詞，可以使用上義詞進(jìn)行替換。此外，句型也應(yīng)富于變化，不要拘泥于主謂賓句型，可以使用主系表、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語、不定式短語作狀語、狀語從句等多種句型。 四級(jí)作文如果量化成句數(shù)，只需寫10句左右;六級(jí)只需12句左右。全文應(yīng)以短句為主，長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合。所謂短句是指10個(gè)詞左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6個(gè)詞的短句。同時(shí)，全文應(yīng)有一定數(shù)量的長(zhǎng)句，一般15~20詞即可，太長(zhǎng)則易冗贅。有的同學(xué)以為只寫長(zhǎng)句不寫短句，就能取得高分，實(shí)際上老師看長(zhǎng)句會(huì)覺得很累，以為你不會(huì)寫短句，通常不會(huì)給高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多個(gè)字，定然晦澀難懂，英文也不例外。精煉的短句可以放在段首表示強(qiáng)調(diào); 復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句可以進(jìn)行具體的論證、舉例或描述。
高分真經(jīng)
(一)背誦
背誦是提高英語綜合能力的法寶，可分為以下5個(gè)層次：(1)精彩詞匯;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)萬能框架;(5)經(jīng)典范文。注意句子和句型不一樣，精彩句子應(yīng)作為單詞來記憶。背誦前，確保自己已充分理解所有內(nèi)容。
語言學(xué)習(xí)有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞——輸入(INPUT)和輸出(OUTPUT)。聽力和閱讀屬于輸入，考生處于被動(dòng)狀態(tài)，只需在考場(chǎng)上將聽到和看到的東西弄懂。應(yīng)對(duì)這種題目的技巧很多，容易在短期內(nèi)提高。但口語和寫作屬于輸出，考生必須變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，這很難在短期內(nèi)突破。沒有大量的輸入，很難進(jìn)行自由輸出。
四、六級(jí)寫作需要在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇短文，共計(jì)120或150余字，很多同學(xué)叫苦不迭。但若將其改為中文作文，大家就會(huì)覺得易如反掌。原因何在?俗話說：“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會(huì)做詩也能吟。”同學(xué)們從小到大背誦了大量中文佳作，可以隨意組合，自由輸出。然而，在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，多數(shù)同學(xué)只沉溺于背單詞、摳語法、做閱讀，很少有人背誦英文文章。正因?yàn)闆]有大量輸入，寫作才始終處于“擠牙膏”狀態(tài)，想一句說一句，說一句翻譯一句。 提高英語寫作要多讀、多背、多寫、多改。多讀、多背是首要任務(wù)，是積累輸入的關(guān)鍵?？忌鷳?yīng)大量積累經(jīng)典英文句型、表達(dá)和范文，平時(shí)勤于背誦。
有的同學(xué)問我，說自己背過很多英文文章，但上了考場(chǎng)還是大腦一片空白，什么都想不起來。這種情況很常見，主要有兩個(gè)原因：一是沒有進(jìn)行造句的工作，只是盲目背誦。二是背得不夠熟練。學(xué)習(xí)任何東西都講究先求質(zhì)，再求量。大家英語學(xué)了很多年，文章看了很多，為什么寫作還是學(xué)不好?關(guān)鍵是量鋪開了，但質(zhì)沒有上去。一篇文章應(yīng)背到脫口而出的程度，如果還需要過腦子，就證明背得不夠熟練。一知半解，背得再多也是徒勞。
(二)默寫 背完經(jīng)典范文后，進(jìn)行默寫。然后對(duì)照原文糾錯(cuò)，搞清楚錯(cuò)在什么地方。多數(shù)同學(xué)在寫的時(shí)候都會(huì)犯小錯(cuò)誤，如拼寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、大小寫等。這些就是你在寫作中的弱點(diǎn)，也是閱卷老師最不能容忍的地方。培根說過：“Writing makes an exact man.”(寫作使人精確。)只有默寫下來你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常犯哪些錯(cuò)誤。
(三)中譯英 中譯英也是提高寫作的好方法。根據(jù)范文的中文譯文，將其按自己的理解譯成英文。譯完后，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯和原文有很大差距，這些差距就是取得寫作高分的關(guān)鍵。這時(shí)，對(duì)照范文，看看原作者是怎么寫的，思考為什么這么寫。同樣的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些詞匯和句型?你使用了哪些詞匯和句型?學(xué)習(xí)范文使用不同的詞匯和句型。通過不斷練習(xí)，你的寫作水平不知不覺就提高了。
(四)寫作 模仿范文寫作新的文章，套用范文的精彩詞匯、句型、句子和框架。最初套用時(shí)可能比較生硬，但隨著不斷的積累，組合起來會(huì)越來越順手。 上述的高分策略是提高四、六級(jí)英語寫作水平最有效的方法。在練習(xí)寫作的初始階段, 可勤查語法書和字典等工具書, 背記常用詞和短語，以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，拓展知識(shí)面。背單詞時(shí)要深刻理解所背詞語的內(nèi)在含義，并了解其使用環(huán)境。備考時(shí)，熟記一些過渡詞、句型和范文，并進(jìn)行仿寫?？荚嚂r(shí)，使用學(xué)習(xí)過的、熟悉而有把握的詞匯和句型，沒有把握的句子，盡量采取“回避政策”，切忌自編自造漢語式的英語詞組和句型。
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作訣竅
對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題型
(1) 要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。
1.有一些人認(rèn)為……
2.另一些人認(rèn)為……
3.我的看法……
The topic of ①________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二). Moreover, ④________(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,________(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥____________(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦_(dá)___________(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的觀點(diǎn)). The reason is that ⑨____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)Some people believe that ①________(觀點(diǎn)
一). For example, they think ②________(舉例說明).And it will bring them ③________(為他們帶來的好處).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④____(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤____(反對(duì)的理由之二). Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法).
闡述主題題型
要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述.
1. 闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義.
2. 分析并舉例使其更充實(shí).
The good old proverb ________(名言或諺語)reminds us that ________(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,________(理由一). For example, ____________(舉例說明). Secondly,________(理由二). Another case is that ________(舉例說明). Furthermore , ____________(理由三).
In my opinion, ________(我的觀點(diǎn)). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
解決方法題型
要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑
1. 問題現(xiàn)狀
2. 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))
In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(說明A的現(xiàn)狀).Second, ________(舉例進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)狀) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________(解決方法一). For another ________(解決方法二). Finally, ________(解決方法三). Personally, I believe that ________(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(帶來的好處).
四、說明利弊題型
這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))
1. 說明事物現(xiàn)狀
2. 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)
3. 你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides ____________(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二).
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________(對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè) 議論文的框架
(1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型( 選擇型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______. In addition, ____ 缺點(diǎn)二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.
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