雙語(yǔ)醫(yī)療：SARS病毒可能直接從蝙蝠傳給人類(lèi)

　　以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)文章：SARS病毒可能直接從蝙蝠傳給人類(lèi)， 希望能對(duì)大家的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有幫助。

　　A decade after SARS swept through the world and killed more than 750 people, scientists have made a troubling discovery: A very close cousin of the SARS virus lives in bats and it can likely jump directly to people.

　　The findings create new fears about the emergence of diseases like SARS, or severe acute respiratorysyndrome. The virus spread quickly from person to person in 2003 and had a mortality rate of at least 9%. Worries of a severe pandemic led the World Health Organization to issue an emergency travel advisory.

　　10年前，傳染性非典型肺炎(SARS)席卷全球，帶走了750多條生命。而近日科學(xué)家們又有了一個(gè)令人不安的發(fā)現(xiàn)：一種與SARS病毒極其相似的近親病毒正流行于蝙蝠間，很可能直接傳染給人類(lèi)。

　　這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了人們對(duì)類(lèi)似SARS(嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征)的傳染病再次爆發(fā)的擔(dān)憂。2003年，SARS病毒在人際間快速傳播，致死率不低于9%。出于對(duì)疫情惡化的擔(dān)憂，世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)發(fā)布了緊急旅游警告。

　　While bats have previously been fingered as a host for SARS, it was believed that the virus jumped from there to weasel-like mammals known as civets, where it went through genetic changes before infecting people. Operating on that belief, China cracked down on markets where bats, civets and other wildlife were sold for food.

　　雖然蝙蝠先前就被指認(rèn)為SARS病毒的宿主，但人們?cè)嘈挪《臼鞘紫扔沈饌魅窘o果子貍這一鼬鼠類(lèi)哺乳動(dòng)物、在經(jīng)歷了基因突變之后才最終傳給人類(lèi)的。循著這一思路，中國(guó)政府關(guān)閉了將蝙蝠、果子貍等野生動(dòng)物當(dāng)做肉類(lèi)出售的食品市場(chǎng)。

　　The new bat-to-human discovery suggests that the control tactic may have limited effectiveness because a SARS-like virus remains loose in the wild and could potentially spark another outbreak.

　　但新病毒可經(jīng)蝙蝠傳給人的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這種防控措施的效果可能有限，因?yàn)镾ARS類(lèi)病毒在野外的蔓延得不到控制，可能會(huì)引發(fā)又一場(chǎng)流行病的爆發(fā)。

　　'It changes the equation' for public health, said Peter Daszak, a senior author of the study and president of EcoHealth Alliance, a group involved in conservation and global health. 'We can close all the markets in China and still have a pandemic.'

　　生態(tài)健康聯(lián)盟(EcoHealth Alliance)主席、這項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告的撰稿人之一彼得·達(dá)薩克(Peter Daszak)稱，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了公共衛(wèi)生的局勢(shì)，即使關(guān)閉中國(guó)所有市場(chǎng)，病情仍可能蔓延開(kāi)來(lái)。生態(tài)健康聯(lián)盟致力于病情防護(hù)和全球衛(wèi)生。

　　The latest findings, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, may also help scientists grapple with a more immediate worry. About a year ago, a novel SARS-like virus was reported in the Middle East. It has since killed more than 50 people and some preliminary research suggests that it also may have originated in bats.

　　周三發(fā)表在《自然》(Nature)雜志上的這一最新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能加劇科學(xué)家們的憂慮。大約一年前，中東地區(qū)報(bào)告了一種新型的SARS類(lèi)病毒，導(dǎo)致超過(guò)50人死亡，一些初步研究顯示這一病毒同樣源于蝙蝠。

　　SARS is caused by a germ known as a coronavirus. First discovered in 2003 in southern China, SARS went on to sicken more than 8,000 people in more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, before it was contained. No known cases have been reported anywhere since 2004.

　　SARS產(chǎn)生于冠狀病毒(conronavirus)，這種病毒2003年首次在中國(guó)南部被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在北美、南美、歐洲和亞洲總共超過(guò)24個(gè)國(guó)家中感染了8,000多人之后，疫情才得到控制。2004年以后再未報(bào)告新的病例。

　　But a key puzzle remained. No one ever found a live SARS virus in bats found in southern China's wildlife markets, making it unclear that those bats were the source. So where did it come from?

　　但有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題懸而未決：沒(méi)有人在中國(guó)南部野生市場(chǎng)中的蝙蝠體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)活的SARS病毒，這使得病毒是否來(lái)自于蝙蝠成了疑案。那么病毒究竟從何而來(lái)?

　　Dr. Daszak and his colleagues chose to study a horseshoe bat colony in Yunnan province in southwest China-hundreds of miles from the big wildlife-for-food markets of Guangdong province, where SARS was first reported.

　　達(dá)薩克博士和同事們?cè)谥袊?guó)西南部云南省的菊頭蝠(horseshoe bat)棲息地進(jìn)行研究，這里距離SARS首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)的廣東省的大型野生動(dòng)物市場(chǎng)相距數(shù)百英里。

　　The researchers took hundreds of samples from the horseshoe bats. A genetic analysis revealed at least seven different strains of SARS-like coronaviruses circulating in that single group of animals.

　　研究人員從菊頭蝠群中提取了數(shù)百個(gè)樣本進(jìn)行基因分析，結(jié)果顯示，至少有七種不同的SARS類(lèi)冠狀病毒毒株寄宿于這一蝙蝠群中。

　　Crucially, the scientists were also able to isolate and culture a live virus that binds to a receptor on a human cell. That suggests that direct bat-to-human infection would likely occur.

　　科學(xué)家隨后成功分離并培養(yǎng)出可以與人類(lèi)細(xì)胞受體相結(jié)合的活病毒。這意味著病毒有可能直接從蝙蝠傳給人類(lèi)。

　　'This paper indicates that the bat is the origin and that the virus can be directly transmitted to humans,' said Charles Calisher, a virologist at Colorado State University, who wasn't involved in the study. 'It practically rules out the possibility' of an intermediate host.

　　沒(méi)有參與這次研究的科羅拉多州立大學(xué)(Colorado State University)病毒學(xué)家查爾斯·卡利舍(Charles Calisher)說(shuō)，這篇報(bào)告說(shuō)明病毒源自于蝙蝠并且可以直接感染人類(lèi)，基本上排除了中間宿主的可能性。

　　Dr. Daszak described a potential scenario where close contact between bats and humans-such as when the animals are captured for food-could increase the risk of viral transmission. 'They are bringing wildlife in from new areas. They are going to Yunnan where bats are still common.'

　　達(dá)薩克博士稱，如果蝙蝠與人類(lèi)近距離接觸，例如蝙蝠被捕獵食用，那么病毒傳染的幾率就會(huì)升高。

　　Dr. Calisher said the finding was important because researchers will now be able to get important clues about the danger these novel SARS-like coronaviruses pose. For example, if a bat carries a high load of the virus, it indicates that the potential for transmission to humans is also high.

　　卡利舍博士認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T現(xiàn)在能夠追蹤到新型SARS類(lèi)冠狀病毒所具有的危險(xiǎn)性的線索。比如說(shuō)，如果一只蝙蝠被發(fā)現(xiàn)攜帶有大量此類(lèi)病毒，則預(yù)示著病毒傳染給人類(lèi)的潛在幾率也很高。