新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章
新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章
《新概念英語(yǔ)》是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn),并被公認(rèn)為世界上最為經(jīng)典、權(quán)威、正規(guī)、系統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)教材之一。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章，歡迎閱讀!
新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章1
Skyscrapers and Environment
摩天大樓與環(huán)境
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
60年代后期，許多北美人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了環(huán)境問(wèn)題，那些嶄新的玻璃鋼摩天大樓受到了廣泛的批評(píng)。生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中密集的高層建筑經(jīng)常給公共交通與停車(chē)場(chǎng)的承載能力造成過(guò)重的負(fù)擔(dān)。
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
摩天大樓還是電能的過(guò)度消費(fèi)者與浪費(fèi)者。最近的某一年，紐約市摩天寫(xiě)字樓1，700萬(wàn)英尺辦公面積的增加使電能的最高日需求量提高了120，000千瓦。這些電能足以供紐約的整個(gè)奧爾巴尼市使用一天。
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
玻璃表面的摩天大樓特別地浪費(fèi)。 通過(guò)半英寸的平板玻璃墻壁損失(或增加)的熱量是典型的加入絕緣板的石墻所允許的熱量損失(或增加)的十倍以上。為了減輕取暖設(shè)備或空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大樓的建造者們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始使用雙面上釉的玻璃鑲板和涂上了金色或銀色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，來(lái)減少?gòu)?qiáng)光照射和熱量的增加;但是，鏡面的摩天大樓會(huì)提高周?chē)諝獾臏囟炔?huì)對(duì)附近的建筑物產(chǎn)生影響。
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
摩天大樓也對(duì)城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施造成了沉重的壓力。單單紐約市的二個(gè)世界貿(mào)易中心大樓如果完全被占滿的話，每年就會(huì)產(chǎn)生2，250，000加侖的污水。 這相當(dāng)于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市這樣大的城市一年所產(chǎn)生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市擁有109，000人口。
新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章2
Skyscrapers and Environment
摩天大樓與環(huán)境
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
60年代后期，許多北美人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了環(huán)境問(wèn)題，那些嶄新的玻璃鋼摩天大樓受到了廣泛的批評(píng)。生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中密集的高層建筑經(jīng)常給公共交通與停車(chē)場(chǎng)的承載能力造成過(guò)重的負(fù)擔(dān)。
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
摩天大樓還是電能的過(guò)度消費(fèi)者與浪費(fèi)者。最近的某一年，紐約市摩天寫(xiě)字樓1，700萬(wàn)英尺辦公面積的增加使電能的最高日需求量提高了120，000千瓦。這些電能足以供紐約的整個(gè)奧爾巴尼市使用一天。
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
玻璃表面的摩天大樓特別地浪費(fèi)。 通過(guò)半英寸的平板玻璃墻壁損失(或增加)的熱量是典型的加入絕緣板的石墻所允許的熱量損失(或增加)的十倍以上。為了減輕取暖設(shè)備或空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大樓的建造者們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始使用雙面上釉的玻璃鑲板和涂上了金色或銀色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，來(lái)減少?gòu)?qiáng)光照射和熱量的增加;但是，鏡面的摩天大樓會(huì)提高周?chē)諝獾臏囟炔?huì)對(duì)附近的建筑物產(chǎn)生影響。
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
摩天大樓也對(duì)城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施造成了沉重的壓力。單單紐約市的二個(gè)世界貿(mào)易中心大樓如果完全被占滿的話，每年就會(huì)產(chǎn)生2，250，000加侖的污水。 這相當(dāng)于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市這樣大的城市一年所產(chǎn)生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市擁有109，000人口。
新概念英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章3
Piano
鋼琴
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries -- the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.
鋼琴的家系可以追溯至15至16世紀(jì)早期的鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器，包括小型撥弦琴、洋琴和維金娜琴。17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器類(lèi)的主要成員。這種至高無(wú)上的地位一直為它們所保持，直到18世紀(jì)末期鋼琴將它們?nèi)〈?/p>
The clavichord's tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music.
敲弦古鋼琴的音調(diào)有金屬的音質(zhì)，缺乏雄勁。然而由于它的音調(diào)變化多，許多作曲家發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于親切的室內(nèi)樂(lè)是一種得體的樂(lè)器。
The harpsichord with its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the smallorchestra of the period and for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save bymechanical or structural devices.
人們最喜歡用具備明快有力音調(diào)的撥弦古鋼琴來(lái)配合當(dāng)時(shí)小型管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)的低音樂(lè)器以及在演奏會(huì)上演奏。但它的音調(diào)難以變化，除非使用機(jī)械或構(gòu)件裝置。
The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy(though musicologistspoint out several previous instances of the instrument).This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head.
18世紀(jì)早期的意大利，鋼琴在一位撥琴鋼琴制造者手中得到完善(盡管音樂(lè)理論家們指出有更早的例子)。 這種樂(lè)器被稱(chēng)為piano e forte(意大利語(yǔ)，柔和而響亮的)，以顯示它有力的多樣性。 演奏者用一個(gè)頭部帶皮氈的彈擊樂(lè)錘敲擊琴弦。
The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.
更早的這種樂(lè)器之上的金屬絲要重得多。從此，持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn)，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳性能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂(lè)器。這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂(lè)音響，從明快流暢的吟唱的音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂(lè)器的清晰動(dòng)人的恢宏氣勢(shì)。