主語(yǔ)從句如何使用(2)
主語(yǔ)從句如何使用
主語(yǔ)從句的作用
第一部分
常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句，即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響和限制
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.
(6)Whatever you did is right.
(7)Whom the watch belongs to is unknown.
(8)What we need is time.
(9)What we need are good doctors.
名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則：
1)、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
I wonder what he is doing now.
Do you know when and where he was born?
I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him.
2)、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般需用過(guò)去時(shí)。
(1)從句與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I thought that he studied hard.
He told me his son was watching TV.
(2)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后，從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.
(3)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
They told me they had waited for me half an hour.
(4)從句如果有表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，仍用過(guò)去時(shí)。
She told me her brother died in 1945.
3)客觀的條件，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受絲毫影響。
(1)從句說(shuō)明的是不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或真理(客觀真理)。
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.
He said Asia is the largest continent.
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.
(2)當(dāng)從句表示的是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)不變。
She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning.
He asked me when the train usually starts.
(3)當(dāng)從句是用來(lái)表達(dá)解釋科技內(nèi)容時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。
(4)當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)時(shí)，或者表示現(xiàn)在仍在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time.
She told me the other day that she is only 10.
(5)當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)還未發(fā)生，要用一般式表示。強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。
He said he will wait for me this evening.
小結(jié):
(1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
(2)連詞位于句首不能省略
(3)主語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)情況下視為第三人稱單數(shù)，但也有例外，如例(9)
注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂一致問(wèn)題極為復(fù)雜。著名學(xué)者周海中教授在論文《關(guān)于what-分句作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題》中就這一問(wèn)題做了深入研究，并給出了10種的主謂一致關(guān)系。這些一致關(guān)系值得英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者和使用者特別注意。
第二部分
為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語(yǔ)it放在句首位置，真正主語(yǔ)擱置于句末
(1)It is certain that he will win the match.
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
(4)It is strange that he should do that.
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小結(jié):
(1)為避免頭重腳輕，常以形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)從句。 It+形式主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+從句。
(2)由于主語(yǔ)從句一般被認(rèn)為是單數(shù)形式，形式主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 均為單數(shù)第三人稱形式或過(guò)去式.
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