despair的用法總結(jié)大全
despair是絕望的意思,可作為名詞或動(dòng)詞使用,下面小編為大家總結(jié)出它的使用方法,希望對(duì)你們有所幫助。
釋義
despair英 [d??spe?(r)] 美 [d??sper]
n. 絕望;令人絕望的人或事
vi. 絕望,喪失信心
[ 復(fù)數(shù) despairs 過(guò)去式 despaired 過(guò)去分詞 despaired 現(xiàn)在分詞 despairing 第三人稱單數(shù) despairs ]
詞組短語(yǔ)
in despair 絕望地,失望地
despair of 失望,喪失信心;對(duì)…絕望
詞語(yǔ)辨析
disappointment, despair, desperation, depression這組詞都有“絕望、沮喪”的意思,其區(qū)別是:
disappointment 多指愿望或期望的落空。
despair 普通用詞,指因?yàn)?zāi)難等因素而喪失希望和信心,陷入沮喪,絕望的境地。
desperation 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈,指因絕望而使人采取無(wú)所顧忌的瘋狂行動(dòng)。
depression 側(cè)重指因遭受重大失利或挫折而產(chǎn)生的低落情緒。
用法
作為名詞時(shí),最常見的用法是 in despair。
I spent hours trying to fix the TV, but gave up in despair.
I'm in despair.
Failures repeating failures throw him in despair but no one is capable of helping him.
還有一種名詞用法 be the depair of sb。
He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job.
My handwriting was the despair of my teachers.
作為動(dòng)詞時(shí),despair 是不及物動(dòng)詞 (Intransitive verb)
We should not despair.
Don't despair! We'll find a way out!
Despite his illness, Ron never despaired.
知識(shí)補(bǔ)充:despair在過(guò)去有及物動(dòng)詞的用法但已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了,字典上標(biāo)記為obsolete. 不可當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞使用。
這里注意看例句,Ron never despaired 而不是說(shuō) Ron is never despaired。despaired不能作為形容詞使用。Despair就人類而言,包含著主動(dòng)的意味。例如 I danced. 不可以說(shuō) I was danced。說(shuō) I was danced· 這很可笑,不是嗎?
說(shuō)到這里可能會(huì)聯(lián)想到 I was satisfied. Satisfy就人類,包含著被動(dòng)的意味。某事/某物 satify 某人,所以某人 be satisfied。事實(shí)上 satisfied 在這里是當(dāng)作形容詞用的。這兩個(gè)詞的用法很不一樣,不是嗎?
如果要表示對(duì)某事/某人感到絕望,應(yīng)該用詞組 despair of
I despair of it.
If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve.
If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve.
華生在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上中彈,在醫(yī)院剛能活動(dòng),曬曬太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候,又被傷寒擊倒了,
這時(shí),回過(guò)去頭去看文章開頭的例句:
For months my life was despaired of, and when at last I came to myself and became convalescent, I was so weak and emaciated that a medical board determined that not a day should be lost in sending my back to England.
幾個(gè)月來(lái) my life 也就是 Watson's life was despaired of. 這里是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句式。
結(jié)合上下文這里指的是醫(yī)生們 despaired of his life 時(shí), 意味著 He wasn't expected to survive。
習(xí)題
◆但失敗并沒有使他絕望。
誤:But failure didn’t drive him to despairs.
正:But failure didn’t drive him to despair.
析:despair(失望,絕望)是不可數(shù)名詞。
◆他使許多別的鋼琴家望塵莫及。
誤:He is a despair for many other pianists.
正:He is the despair of many other pianists.
析:the despair of sb 是一固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“令某人毫無(wú)辦法” 或“令某人望塵莫及”。又如:This boy is the despair of all his teachers.(這個(gè)男孩使他所有的老師感到束手無(wú)策)。
◆他們不抱比賽獲勝的希望。
誤:They were despaired of winning the game.
正:They despaired of winning the game.
析:despair 用作動(dòng)詞,是不及物的,其意為“失望”、“絕望” 等,而不是“使失望”、“使絕望”,所以不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。要表示“對(duì)...感到絕望或喪失信心”,其后通常用介詞 of,又如:Never despair of success.(千成不要喪失獲得成功的信心)。
despair的用法總結(jié)大全相關(guān)文章:
4.fear的用法