2020年托福閱讀考試題材分類統(tǒng)計(jì)
正所謂“知己知彼方能百戰(zhàn)百勝”，考生要想攻克托福閱讀難題取得托福閱讀高分，就要知道考什么題材，什么題材考的最多，以便考生備考時(shí)更有針對(duì)性，接下來小編就給大家分享一下2020年托福閱讀考試題材分類統(tǒng)計(jì)。
2020年托福閱讀考試題材分類統(tǒng)計(jì)
1.2020年托福閱讀最高頻的題材依然是生物類，占樣本總數(shù)的35%。
生物類題材主要涉及：動(dòng)/植物習(xí)性特點(diǎn)研究、物種的進(jìn)化、物種的滅絕、物種數(shù)量激增/減少的原因等。
2.中頻題材包括：歷史類、地質(zhì)類和考古類，分別占樣本總數(shù)的8%-10%不等。
歷史類題材的比重與去年相比大大增加，數(shù)量甚至超過了往年比較熱門的考古類題材。內(nèi)容主要涉及帝國(guó)的興起和衰落、人類定居、歷史事件、特定歷史時(shí)期社會(huì)的發(fā)展等。
地質(zhì)類題材的比重較去年有所上升，選材非常有針對(duì)性，基本上圍繞地球大氣/洋流/土壤/冰川/地下水的形成、地理與社會(huì)發(fā)展的相互影響、地震預(yù)測(cè)、板塊漂移學(xué)說展開。
考古類題材的比重一直趨于穩(wěn)定。內(nèi)容主要涉及古生物考古、古代遺跡、考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)等。
3.低頻題材包括社會(huì)類、農(nóng)業(yè)類、經(jīng)濟(jì)類、天文類、科技類、環(huán)境類和藝術(shù)類，分別占樣本總數(shù)的4%-7%不等。
農(nóng)業(yè)類、天文類、藝術(shù)類歷年所占的比重都較小。
農(nóng)業(yè)類一般涉及農(nóng)業(yè)變革、新技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)用、特定時(shí)期/社會(huì)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。
天文類的選材也很有特點(diǎn)，通常涉及行星的地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、行星上是否存在水/生命、彗星、行星/宇宙的形成、宇宙理論的猜想/爭(zhēng)論。
藝術(shù)類主要涵蓋某國(guó)/文明藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)、壁畫研究、藝術(shù)流派等。
社會(huì)類、經(jīng)濟(jì)類、科技類和環(huán)境類往年所占比例較高，但2017年比重均有所下降。
社會(huì)類涵蓋城市發(fā)展、人口增長(zhǎng)、鐵路/通訊/報(bào)業(yè)的發(fā)展等。
經(jīng)濟(jì)類涵蓋工業(yè)革命、特定歷史時(shí)期/國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條、制造業(yè)的發(fā)展等。
科技類題材集中于電燈/鐘表/印刷術(shù)/打印機(jī)的發(fā)明。
環(huán)境類涉及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、能源、水資源、環(huán)境污染、人類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響等。
托福閱讀題材分類詳細(xì)介紹
1. 人：學(xué)術(shù)閱讀中最常出現(xiàn)的就是各種科學(xué)家，以ist和er結(jié)尾居多。
例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geographer，astronomer
(人類學(xué)家，考古學(xué)家，古生物學(xué)家，動(dòng)物學(xué)家，地理學(xué)家，天文學(xué)家)
這類的詞匯大家無需記住拼寫，只要在閱讀中出現(xiàn)可以辨認(rèn)就足以。在面對(duì)未知的專有名詞時(shí)，至少要判斷他們存在于那個(gè)學(xué)科，才好進(jìn)行下一步的推理。
2. 地質(zhì)、地貌：這類文章在托福學(xué)術(shù)閱讀中比重很大。建議大家對(duì)常用詞匯進(jìn)行積累。
例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid
火山，(地)層，礫巖，喀斯特地貌(石灰?guī)r的一種地形)，多孔的(有透氣性與透水性)，可滲透的，隕石，小行星
3. 氣候、動(dòng)物與生態(tài)：與生物和地球有關(guān)的話題是托福永遠(yuǎn)的寵兒。
例如：unpredictable，vary，range from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial
不可預(yù)測(cè)的，改變(動(dòng)詞)，變化幅度(動(dòng)詞)，滅絕，瀕危的，熱帶的，叢林，赤道附近的
4. 歷史、考古，這類題材是分水輪流轉(zhuǎn)的對(duì)象，也要加以注意。
尤其是歷史文章的考法不是單純的講古，而是從各個(gè)層面切入，有很多的表現(xiàn)形式?？赡苁枪湃祟惖倪w徙，那就是人類歷史。貿(mào)易和交通運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，那就是經(jīng)濟(jì)史，等等。
例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization
遺跡，遺跡或殘骸，陵墓，手工藝品，凝聚性，領(lǐng)土的，文明
【托福閱讀提分】托福閱讀文章5種題材揭秘
托福閱讀文章題材一：自然和自然科學(xué)
大約占比30%左右，也就是所有題材中占比最大的一部分，這個(gè)部分包含天體、地理、氣候和化學(xué)等學(xué)科內(nèi)容;
托福閱讀文章題材二：生物科學(xué)
大約占比20%左右，這一部分包含，動(dòng)物學(xué)、植物學(xué)、細(xì)胞學(xué)和生物化學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。
托福閱讀文章題材三：藝術(shù)和美國(guó)歷史
這部分內(nèi)容大致涵蓋音樂、表演、電影和電視等藝術(shù)形式。
托福閱讀文章題材四：社科類文章和人文類文章
分別占比10%左右，社科類文章包括經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、考古學(xué)、人類學(xué)、通信和媒體等內(nèi)容，而人文類文章則更多涵蓋歷史和語(yǔ)言學(xué)等內(nèi)容，占比最少并且基本很少考察的題材則是人物傳記類，這類文章更容易出現(xiàn)在GRE、SAT等北美升學(xué)類考試中。
托福閱讀原題整理練習(xí)
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet
(B) The development of refrigeration
(C) The transportation of goods to market
(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the
United States?
(A) in 1803
(B) sometime before 1850
(C) during the civil war
(D) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. The phrase forward-looking in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) progressive
(B) popular
(C) thrifty
(D) well-established
4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
5. The word it in line 5 refers to
(A) fresh meat
(B) the Civil War
(C) ice
(D) a refrigerator
6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the
icebox?
(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
(C) The use of insufficient insulation
(D) Inadequate understanding of physics
7. The word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) growing
(B) undeveloped
(C) necessary
(D) uninteresting
8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would
(A) completely prevent ice from melting
(B) stop air from circulating
(C) allow ice to melt slowly
(D) use blankets to conserve ice
9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate
that
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
(B) Moore was an honest merchant
(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer
(D) Moore's design was fairly successful
10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to
(A) charge more for his butter
(B) travel to market at night
(C) manufacture butter more quickly
(D) produce ice all year round
11. The produce mentioned in line 25 could include
(A) iceboxes
(B) butter
(C) ice
(D) markets
PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA B
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2020年托福閱讀考試題材分類統(tǒng)計(jì)
