Montage蒙太奇
大家聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)蒙太奇嗎?蒙太奇是電影的基本結(jié)構(gòu)手段和敘事方式，是電影藝術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了Montage蒙太奇,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
Montage蒙太奇
Montage originates from a French architectural(建筑學(xué)的) term， which has been borrowed by the film-making field and refers to the choosing， cutting and combining of separate photographic material so as to make a connected film①. The film artists divide the content into different stages， scenes， etc. and treat them respectively(分別); then based on the theme and the plot， use certain techniques，to edit them， producing the effects of coherence1， echo， contrast， symbolization2， exaggeration， foil and suspense3， resulting in an integrated artistic4 work②. In Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times， the first scene is of a flock of sheep being put into the fold(羊欄)， and the next is of a group of workers surging into(涌進(jìn)) the factory. The two different shots， edited and spliced5(接合) together，
imply that the capitalists treat workers as livestock6(牲畜).
Montage can be divided into narrative7(敘述性的) and expressive8 montage. Narrative montage is based on the development of the plot， by which the audience is attracted and enabled to follow the chronological9(按年代順序排列的) order， to learn the causes and effects easily. If subdivided(細(xì)分)，narrative montage consists of consecutive10 montage， paralleled montage， crossing montage and reviewing montage③. But they are not used separately. In film， they merge11 into and supplement one another to manage the subject more freely and thoroughly12④. Expressive montage is a more abstract， general， suggestive and symbolic13 method calling for the audience’s initiative(主動(dòng))， meditation(沉思)and analysis(分析). It includes contrastive montage， metaphorical14 montage， psychological montage and rational montage⑤. Unlike narrative montage， expressive montage combines all the shots directly，even without concrete(具體的) images， and probably forces the audience to understand in their own way the internal implications(內(nèi)涵) carried out by the abstract codes(符號(hào)).
【難句解析】
?、倜商媸请娪暗幕窘Y(jié)構(gòu)手段和敘事方式，是電影藝術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。蒙太奇一詞來(lái)自法語(yǔ)，本是一個(gè)建筑學(xué)上的術(shù)語(yǔ)，意思是構(gòu)成和裝配。借用到電影藝術(shù)中，蒙太奇是指剪輯和組合。
②在影片制作中，藝術(shù)家們根據(jù)劇本主題的需要、情節(jié)的發(fā)展將影片所要表現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容分解為不同的段落、場(chǎng)面、鏡頭，分別進(jìn)行拍攝和處理。然后再通過(guò)一定的藝術(shù)技巧，合乎邏輯而又富有節(jié)奏地把它們組合起來(lái)，使其相互作用而產(chǎn)生連貫、呼應(yīng)、對(duì)比、暗示、夸張、襯托、懸念等效果，構(gòu)成一部完整的藝術(shù)作品。
?、蹟⑹旅商婢唧w可分為連續(xù)式蒙太奇、平行式蒙太奇、交叉式蒙太奇和復(fù)現(xiàn)式蒙太奇。
?、艿鼈儾皇枪铝⒌倪\(yùn)用，在影片制作過(guò)程中往往相輔相成，有機(jī)融合，互相襯托和補(bǔ)充，使敘述的內(nèi)容更加豐富、自由和靈活。
?、荼憩F(xiàn)蒙太奇具體可分為對(duì)比蒙太奇、隱喻蒙太奇、心理蒙太奇和理性蒙太奇。
擴(kuò)展：破釜沉舟
Break the cooking pots and sink the boats——Cut off all means of retreat(退卻)
Toward the end of the third century BC，General Zhang Han of the Qin Dynasty led his army against the State of Chu and defeated(擊敗)the Chu army.Zhang Han was so carried away with the victory that he neglected(忽略)another Chu army in the south.He led his army north to attack the State of Zhao.The King of Zhao retreated to the city of Julu，present day Xingtai in North China’s Hebei province，and Zhang Han surrounded(包圍)the city.
On learning that the King of Zhao was in danger，the King of Chu in the south sent his two
generals Song Yi and Xiang Yu to rescue(解救)the King of Zhao.
The two generals led their troops(軍隊(duì)) north.When they have gone half way，General Song Yi refused to advance before a river.He stayed there for 46 days.Xiang Yu tried to persuade Song Yi to advance further but Song Yi turned a deaf ear.So Xiang Yu killed him and reported it to the King.The King made Xiang Yu the top general.Xiang Yu then sent his officers and 20 thousand soldiers across the river to fight Zhang Han’s troops.But they couldn’t break through， because the enemy troops greatly outnumbered(數(shù)量上勝過(guò))them.The officers asked for more soldiers.
At this time，Xiang decided1 to lead all his soldiers across the river to win the battle. He sank the boats after crossing the river，smashed(打碎)his army’s cooking pots and set fire to their huts.He ordered his soldiers to take only three days’food.They had to advance and win the battle，because they couldn’t retreat.Sure enough，the soldiers fought heroically and defeated Zhang Han’s troops and rescued the King of Zhao.
Xiang Yu’s resolute2 actions were later summed up in the idiom Pò Fǔ Chén Zhōu and people use
it to describea person’s resolve(決心)to win.
Questions：
1.What’s the meaning of “carry away”?
2.Which word has the close meaning to“turn a deaf ear”?
3.If you were Xiang Yu，what had you done under that circumstance(情況)?
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Montage蒙太奇
