雅思寫作怎么想論點(diǎn)
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雅思寫作怎么想論點(diǎn)
一提到雅思寫作，很多學(xué)生第一反應(yīng)就是“難”，如臨大敵。但其實(shí)，這是個(gè)“會(huì)者不難”的問題。
寫作考試的目的是檢查學(xué)生對(duì)于英語基本功的掌握，希望他們?cè)谶M(jìn)入國(guó)外的時(shí)候能夠順利的適應(yīng)國(guó)外的學(xué)習(xí)生活。但是，從寫作本身而言，它也是在考察學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，以及學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和應(yīng)變能力;而這個(gè)知識(shí)面涵蓋了社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，大到國(guó)家政策經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展科學(xué)研究，下到家庭生活倫理關(guān)系。于是，平時(shí)涉獵不多或者乏于練習(xí)的學(xué)生才會(huì)在看見題目的時(shí)候不知所措。即便是語言功底很好的學(xué)生，也突然變得笨嘴拙舌不知如何下筆了。
其實(shí)大可不必。原因很簡(jiǎn)單，就算題目再詭異，題目闡述的事情都是客觀存在的，否則就不具備闡述的首要條件，那就是有理可據(jù)。既然是客觀存在的，那么題目所闡述的觀點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)象就會(huì)有產(chǎn)生的背景，這個(gè)背景可以是社會(huì)的，也可以是由經(jīng)濟(jì)科技發(fā)展造成的，更可以是人為使然。于是乎，有因就必有果。只有要了結(jié)果，換句話說，就是問題出現(xiàn)了，那么生活在社會(huì)里的各個(gè)群體都會(huì)因此受到一定的影響，這些影響可以是正面的，也可以是負(fù)面的。寫作論證過程自然就出來了：原因--結(jié)果--影響。
根據(jù)往年的題目匯總，雅思寫作的話題可以分為以下幾類，即：政府、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、環(huán)境、媒體、教育、工作、家庭、健康、旅游、犯罪，這些話題是客觀存在于社會(huì)中的。不管哪一個(gè)類別，人都起到了重要的作用，人都會(huì)受到影響。所以，在考慮論點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，人就是首要考慮的因素。以社會(huì)中的人為視角放射至社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域逐個(gè)查找原因，相關(guān)的勾連起來，不相關(guān)的果斷刪除。那么，整個(gè)論證框架就出現(xiàn)了。
最后，考生要做的，就是練習(xí)，詳細(xì)梳理往年題目的論證框架，好思維也比不上爛筆頭。做到這些，當(dāng)再看到寫作題目的時(shí)候，相信考生會(huì)坦然很多。
雅思寫作必背經(jīng)典句整理
句子就是財(cái)富，句子就是一切，這些句子是從近百篇雅思優(yōu)秀作文中摘錄下來并經(jīng)反復(fù)推敲提煉而成的。對(duì)于復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間短，基礎(chǔ)較薄弱的朋友能夠在短期內(nèi)熟悉且背誦這些經(jīng)典句子無疑是準(zhǔn)備雅思考試的捷徑。
according to a recent survey ,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，每年有4,000,000人死于與吸煙相關(guān)的疾病。
the latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒什么好感。
no invention has received more praise and abuse than internet.
沒有一項(xiàng)發(fā)明象互聯(lián)網(wǎng)同時(shí)受到如此多的贊揚(yáng)和批評(píng)。
people seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。
many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康。
nowadays ,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. unfortunately ,for most young people ,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
當(dāng)前，一提到即將開始的學(xué)校生活，許多學(xué)生都會(huì)興高采烈.然而，對(duì)多數(shù)年輕人來說,校園剛開始的日子并不是什么愉快的經(jīng)歷。
in view of the seriousness of this problem ,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重，在事態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化之前，必須采取有效的措施。
proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
應(yīng)該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬?guó)旅游者的數(shù)量，努力保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史不受國(guó)際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。
an increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city .however ,this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents ,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越來越多的專家相信移民對(duì)城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用。然而，越來越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法，他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了許多嚴(yán)重的問題，象犯罪和賣淫。
many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus ,which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
許多市民抱怨城市的公交車太少，以至于他們要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等一輛公交車，而車上可能已滿載乘客。
there is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem :the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
無可否認(rèn)，空氣污染是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問題：城市當(dāng)局應(yīng)該采取有力措施來解決它。
an investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。
a proper part-time job does not occupy student's too much time .in fact ,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study .as an old saying goes :all work and no play makes jack a dull boy
一份適當(dāng)?shù)臉I(yè)余工作并不會(huì)占用學(xué)生太多的時(shí)間，事實(shí)上，把全部的時(shí)間都用到學(xué)習(xí)上并不健康，正如那句老話：只工作，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。
any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià)。
an increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越來越多的人開始意識(shí)到教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。
when it comes to education ,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
說到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。
the majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills ,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，而這對(duì)他們未來找工作是非常有好處的。
it is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to fact the dangers of starvation and exposure.
無可爭(zhēng)辯，現(xiàn)在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受冬的痛苦生活。
although this view is widely held ,there is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)任何年齡進(jìn)行。
no one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
沒有人能否人這一事實(shí)：教育是人生最重要的一方面。
people equate success in life with the ability of operating computer .
人們把會(huì)使用計(jì)算機(jī)與人生成功相提并論。
警惕雅思寫作語法陷阱
雅思語法使用誤區(qū)一、such as與for example的混用
我們知道，在表示舉例子的時(shí)候，such as與like是完全等同的，如：Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。
但是同學(xué)們對(duì)于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準(zhǔn)確。我們都知道，后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法：
There is a similar word in many languages， such as in French and Italian。
這里的such as改為for example為好，因?yàn)椤癷n French and Italian”其實(shí)是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡(jiǎn)化，所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個(gè)類似的例子：
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects， for example physics。
雅思語法使用誤區(qū)二、assume 及claim 使用不夠準(zhǔn)確
我們知道， think，assume，claim是議論文中常用引出觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。在實(shí)際作文中，同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為幾個(gè)詞的意思是一樣的，完全可以代換，所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個(gè)詞的不同：
Think： to have opinion or belief about sth。
翻譯為“認(rèn)為”，通常接賓語從句來表達(dá)比較確定的觀點(diǎn)。
Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。
翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”，是否有事實(shí)依據(jù)是不確定的。
Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。
翻譯為“聲稱”，用這個(gè)詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點(diǎn)，所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer， but in fact， …。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報(bào)道稱。。?！?。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報(bào)道”，往往代表著作者贊同報(bào)告的內(nèi)容，
Consider： to think about sth carefully， especially in order to make a decision
翻譯為“考慮”，一般不用作引出觀點(diǎn)，看個(gè)例子：
We are considering buying a new car。
所以，千萬不要在雅思大作文的第一段(觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)段)就因?yàn)橛迷~把握不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致對(duì)整篇文章的低分印象。
雅思語法使用誤區(qū)三、介詞使用錯(cuò)誤
1、普通介詞的誤用
一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯(cuò)誤，如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等，雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤看似無傷大雅，但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的，當(dāng)然會(huì)影響最終成績(jī)。解決的辦法簡(jiǎn)單而古老：把常見的固定搭配牢記于心，問題 自然就解決了。
2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用
“to”最常見的用法是以動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)的，所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對(duì)于一些如walk to me， to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。但是對(duì)于與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞to就會(huì)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)：
如：
More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞，所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，如動(dòng)名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”?！皌ake to”的另一個(gè)常用用法也需要牢記：
He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞，會(huì)有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else，另外，“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號(hào)。
類似的常用用法請(qǐng)同學(xué)們牢記：
Be used to doing
Adapt to doing
Adjust to doing
prefer doing sth. to doing sth。
Be accustomed to doing
See to doing
等等，請(qǐng)注意平時(shí)仔細(xì)積累。
雅思語法使用誤區(qū)四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學(xué)生雅思作文中的一個(gè)病句：
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school。
因?yàn)椤畇uggest’翻譯為“建議”，所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，句中“continues”部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”。
在此，小編提醒您，一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯，而且要記住這些詞接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣：
Recommend， suggest， advise
雅思語法使用誤區(qū)五、compare與contrast的誤用
我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為：to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為：to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物的異同，而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。
看個(gè)例句：
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。
前一句翻譯為：對(duì)比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會(huì)很有趣。
后一句的翻譯為：我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同，這很有趣。
再看一個(gè)引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子：
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West。
The company lost million in contrast to a profit of .2 million a year earlier。
When you look at their new system， ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast。
不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，Compare翻譯為“與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。?！?，切記這種翻譯方式就不會(huì)用錯(cuò)彼此了。
雅思寫作結(jié)尾段常用套句整理
1. in general/ on the whole/ generally
2. all in all
3. From the foregoing, …
4. in brief/ in summary/ in conclusion/ in short/ in a word/ to sum up/ to conclude/ to summarize
5. If it is up to me to make a choice between A and B, I would rather choose … over …
6. If I were forced to agree with one of the two, my choice would be …
7. From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely conclude that …
8. When the advantages and disadvantages are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is self-evident.
9. Judging from all evidence offered, we may reasonably come to/ draw the conclusion that …
10. All these opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them. In my opinion, such matters must be left to individual’s conscience.
11. From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that …
12. Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.
13. I am of the opinion that priority should be given to …
14. Personally, I stand on the side of …
15. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the opinion that …
16. For my part, I completely agree with the former /latter.
17. To be frank/ To tell the truth, I should second the former/ latter attitude/ position in preference to the latter/ former.
18. People from different backgrounds, however, put different interpretations on the same thing.
19. Views on the issue in question vary from person to person/ vary widely.
20. People rarely reach an absolute consensus on a controversial issue.
21. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the moral that …
22. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that …
23. All the evidence justifies an unshakable view that …
24. All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that …
25. To conclude my essay, I would like to quote an old saying “…”.
26. Both views have strong foundations; but, overall, I tend to agree with the latter.
27. What we must do is make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.
28. It is true that to do … brings about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent. Besides, compared with the positive effects, the disadvantages would not count much.
29. It is high time that we/ the government did …
30. To achieve this goal, however, we still have a great distance to cover.
31. It is urgent/ important/ necessary that appropriate/ effective/ proper actions/ measures/ steps/ method be taken to end/ correct/ improve …
32. There are believed/ expected/ supposed to be two effective measures/ practical schemes/ sound solutions, one of which is …
33. Both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.
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