老托福閱讀真題及答案:PASSAGE2
為了幫助大家備考托福閱讀,提高成績(jī),下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)老托福閱讀真題及答案:passage 2,希望大家喜歡!
老托福閱讀真題及答案:PASSAGE 2
The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particularproperties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states,water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates manychemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.
Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which aretransported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds providesthe essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground,the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting whatare called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels thewater toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire stepin the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by runningfrom high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.
The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not randombut is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we defineresidence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one ofthe three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the timesare very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in theatmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in theocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principalreservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on thecontinents.
A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of waterover the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and somemagnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron,and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on whichvegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanicallyduring flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closelylinked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion.Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
1. The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) changing
(B) traveling
(C) describing
(D) destroying
2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to
(A) clouds
(B) oceans
(C) continents
(D) compounds
3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water
(A) precipitating onto the ground
(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state
(C) evaporating from the oceans
(D) being carried by wind
4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network"(line 8) is to
(A) determine the size of molecules of water
(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding
(C) move water from the Earth's surface to the oceans
(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers
5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through thecycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?
(A) The potential energy contained in water
(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds
(C) The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents
(D) The relative size of the water storage areas
6. The word "rapidity" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) significance
(B) method
(C) swiftness
(D) reliability
7. The word "they" in line 24 refers to
(A) insoluble ions
(B) soluble ions
(C) soils
(D) continents
8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT
(A) magnesium
(B) iron
(C) potassium
(D) calcium
9. The word "efficiency" in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) relationship
(B) growth
(C) influence
(D) effectiveness
答案 AACCD CABD
托福閱讀不能過(guò)于依賴技巧
有許多學(xué)員這么和我說(shuō),老托的閱讀要比新托簡(jiǎn)單得多,甚至不看文章也能做對(duì)題。其實(shí)不然。我們知道,原來(lái)老托是350字一篇文章,10分鐘?,F(xiàn)在新托是700字左右一篇文章,20分鐘內(nèi)完成12-14題。按照時(shí)間比例來(lái)說(shuō),時(shí)間對(duì)考生是綽綽有余的。但是為什么眾多考生還是會(huì)有這樣的感覺呢?
問題就出在托福的題目上,現(xiàn)在新托福閱讀的題目四個(gè)選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度呈不斷加長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。有很多考生用在理解題目和選項(xiàng)的時(shí)間就遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)答題時(shí)間。這樣的話就直接影響了后面題目的答題質(zhì)量。如果出現(xiàn)閱讀加試,很多考生就一個(gè)頭兩個(gè)大了。
這主要還是因?yàn)榭忌跍?zhǔn)備新托福閱讀考試過(guò)程中太注重技巧的提煉,而忘記了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最根本的還是在對(duì)語(yǔ)言的掌握上。因此在這里給大家提幾點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)新托福閱讀的幾點(diǎn)建議:
1. 如果基礎(chǔ)一般的同學(xué),想要參加托??荚嚕詈锰崆?-4個(gè)月準(zhǔn)備起來(lái)。一本好的詞匯書是必不可少的。其實(shí)背哪一本詞匯書不是重點(diǎn)所在,重要的是能夠持之以恒,每天對(duì)所背的詞匯進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和總結(jié)。因?yàn)槟阍谧鲈~匯題時(shí)如果能遇到你熟悉的詞,可以節(jié)省你會(huì)到文章中去看上下文猜詞的時(shí)間。雖然不能保證背到就一定能考到,但是單詞可以幫助你更好的理解文章。曾經(jīng)有一名語(yǔ)言專家這樣說(shuō)過(guò):“Without grammar, little can be conveyed and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”足以說(shuō)明詞匯的重要性。
2. 然后要從理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)開始理解文章。我們要明白,托??荚嚨拈喿x文章都是北美校園基礎(chǔ)課程的文章,基本沒有做過(guò)改動(dòng)。所以文章的結(jié)構(gòu)就是完全按照美式作文的五段法,我們的考生只要用這樣的方式去分析每一篇文章,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的結(jié)構(gòu)是大同小異的。
3. 積累背景知識(shí)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?,因此我們?cè)谧鲂峦懈i喿x的題目的同時(shí),也應(yīng)該在空余的時(shí)候多閱讀課外讀物,原版雜志。譬如,國(guó)家地理,自然,今日美國(guó)等一些著名的原版雜志,這不僅可以擴(kuò)充我們的背景知識(shí),同時(shí)也可以補(bǔ)充我們?cè)谠~匯量上的不足。
4. 在復(fù)習(xí)的最后階段,做做模擬練習(xí)題是必不可少的。如果有條件的話,最好做一下??架浖?。因?yàn)檫@樣可以模仿新托福機(jī)考的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景。比較推薦的模考軟件有Barron, Kaplan以及一些比較權(quán)威的??季W(wǎng)站。當(dāng)然在你報(bào)名時(shí)托福官方網(wǎng)站提供給你的那一套不完整的??碱}也是很有參考價(jià)值的。
托福閱讀的高分秘訣
首先,無(wú)論什么技巧都必須要有基本的單詞量做基礎(chǔ)。
沒人喜歡背單詞,但是只有有足夠的單詞量才能應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的各種層出不窮的問題。用的是誰(shuí)的單詞書其實(shí)沒有多大分別,你只要認(rèn)認(rèn)真真的把一本單詞書背個(gè)70%,那也就差不多了,托福閱讀的主要考察對(duì)象不是單詞,只是透過(guò)單詞來(lái)表達(dá)一種意思,只要你能猜出來(lái)這種意思并且在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上把題答對(duì),那么,對(duì)少單詞都不是問題。
其次,對(duì)于難句長(zhǎng)句的理解。
還是要明白大意就好,但是要能夠根據(jù)大意準(zhǔn)確定位找到答案。大家可以專門找些難句和長(zhǎng)句來(lái)進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)。把那些句子反復(fù)讀,反復(fù)看,看上十幾遍,覺得很通順、覺得句子寫得很好自己以后也要這么寫了才算好。速度慢不是問題,但是堅(jiān)持下來(lái),大家對(duì)難句和長(zhǎng)句的理解能力就好冥想提高。
再次,大家在專門練習(xí)托福閱讀題的時(shí)候,還是多看看OG
OG是非常有指向性的,而且那上面說(shuō)的一些小技巧還是不錯(cuò)的。Delta上的題目要難一些,主要是有一些題目需要考生進(jìn)行引申、做一些文學(xué)上的理解,當(dāng)然這些在托福中是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。所以做題的時(shí)候不要想得太復(fù)雜,第一感覺是什么就選什么,很有效。
托福閱讀是一場(chǎng)考試,大家不可能有時(shí)間,把文章理解透徹,也沒必要。能夠在可能的情況下找到答案就好。所以在托福閱讀技巧中,不求甚解是最實(shí)用的。明白這篇文章是寫什么的,文章的架構(gòu)什么樣,一般看看每段首句就好了。做題目是那就是定位了,其實(shí)跟答題有關(guān)的就那么一句或兩句話,借助上下文幫助理解還是能夠答對(duì)的。
托福閱讀如何正確備考?
一、概括地觀察
在練習(xí)時(shí)我們會(huì)讀一些文章或者段子,首先我們可以進(jìn)行略讀。對(duì)于文章的首段或者每段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括,我們就可以知道這些文章都講了些什么,而不是去通讀,逐字去讀,逐詞去讀,這樣不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,而且對(duì)于自己的閱讀能力的提升也是微乎其微的。
二、學(xué)會(huì)來(lái)引導(dǎo)閱讀
當(dāng)你在讀托福閱讀文章的時(shí)候,可以為文章的標(biāo)題、副題、圖片及首句設(shè)定問題,可以把它們寫在各自己的位置,這樣你在看問題的時(shí)候,就可以幫助你更清晰的了解文章的內(nèi)容了。
三、學(xué)會(huì)做標(biāo)記
如果在托福閱讀的時(shí)候,我們?nèi)绻龅搅怂饐栴}關(guān)鍵詞或者短語(yǔ),我們要將它標(biāo)記下來(lái),并且要將它們積累起來(lái)。因?yàn)槿绻@里考到了,說(shuō)明之后也可能會(huì)考到,這些關(guān)鍵記號(hào)和短語(yǔ)就是我們平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)需要的積累的知識(shí),不但在之后做閱讀題或許會(huì)用得到,在托??荚嚨?a href='http://m.rzpgrj.com/meng/xiaqita/' target='_blank'>其它學(xué)科可能也是會(huì)用得到的。
四、要學(xué)會(huì)提問題
在閱讀的時(shí)候,考生要學(xué)會(huì)提問題,在閱讀完一個(gè)段落之后,可以在每段的句首位置寫出一個(gè)問題,當(dāng)你看到這個(gè)問題的就會(huì)想到這個(gè)段落講的是什么意思。這樣不讓自己的對(duì)段落有了清楚的認(rèn)識(shí),還能做到很的歸納總結(jié)的作用。
五、學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三
在托福閱讀的整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,考生要學(xué)會(huì)類推,也就是在你完全掌握了文章內(nèi)容之后,對(duì)于文章中出現(xiàn)的一些問題,我們可以把它聯(lián)系到日常的生活當(dāng)中,如果在生活當(dāng)中我們會(huì)怎么樣,利用這樣的聯(lián)帶的關(guān)系,考生可以更加的對(duì)閱讀文章時(shí)行融匯貫通,大在的提高自己的閱讀興趣和能力。這也是托福閱讀提高的一個(gè)很好的途徑。
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