2018年高一英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)造句的基礎(chǔ)，從高一英語(yǔ)必修一開(kāi)始，老師們將為大家系統(tǒng)的講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家提供關(guān)于2018年高一英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)大家有幫助!

　　英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

　　(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外，還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。

　　1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。

　　例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

　　2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化： 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，

　　例如： She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.

　　(二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，都使用陳述語(yǔ)序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，則用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked，可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。

　　如： She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.

　　例如： She said to us,“Please sit down.” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise.

　　英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念：它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系.

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

　　助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：

　　1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

　　2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + 過(guò)去分詞 例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

　　3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall + be + 過(guò)去分詞 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過(guò)去分詞 例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

　　5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過(guò)去分詞 When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

　　6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過(guò)去分詞 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

　　7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + been + 過(guò)去分詞

　　英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、注意事項(xiàng)

　　1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.

　　2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

　　3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”和“be to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library.

　　4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。

　　例如： The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。

　　例如： He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

　　5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。

　　例如： These books sell well. 這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。 The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。 The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗