高中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)介紹
高中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)介紹
在高中英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生需要學(xué)習(xí)十六種的時(shí)態(tài)，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老師正在給我們上英語(yǔ)課。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 農(nóng)民們正在收割莊稼。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我們一直在為會(huì)議作準(zhǔn)備。
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am / is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
I’m studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中學(xué)讀書(shū)。
He is writing on the desk. 他再課桌上寫(xiě)字。
They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撚伍L(zhǎng)城的事情。
【說(shuō)明】動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方法：
(1) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ing。如：say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking, study—studying, teach —teaching, blow—blowing, build—building.
(2) 動(dòng)詞若以-e結(jié)尾, 則去e再加-ing。如：love—loving, make—making, guide—guiding, date—dating.
(3) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后，雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing。如：begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning, ban — banning.
(4) 在以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后，改ie為y，再加-ing。如：lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.
(5) 在以-c[k] 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-king。如：picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
(1) 表示目前正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
They are planting trees on the mountain. 他們?cè)谏缴现矘?shù)。
Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母親在廚房做晚飯。
(2) 有些非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作即將進(jìn)行或發(fā)生，或表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如：
He is joining the army. 他要參軍了。
They are buying the house. 他們要買(mǎi)那座房子。
(3) 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, constantly, continually修飾時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如:
Why is the baby always crying? 為什么那個(gè)老是在哭。
They are always helping us. 他們總是幫助我們。
注意：表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般不使用語(yǔ)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一個(gè)故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空時(shí)看故事。(經(jīng)常性的行為)
(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)只表動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而不表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。如：
What are you doing these days? 這幾天你在干什么?
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他們暑假在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
They read English every day. 他們每天讀英語(yǔ)。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他們每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如：
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子們?cè)谀沁吿?/p>
His heart is beating fast. 他的心臟跳得很快。
(5) 某些表示希望或想法的動(dòng)詞(如hope, wonder, want等)的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示委婉客氣。如：
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你現(xiàn)在能否給我們幫一忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
高中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如：
We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我們等他等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have /has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn), for + 時(shí)間段。如：
They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在修橋。
They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在植樹(shù)。
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動(dòng)作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。
(2) 在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
We have been studying here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。
(3) 有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別不大。如：
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在這兒住了多年了。
高中英語(yǔ)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的定義
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
He said he would come here next Friday. 他說(shuō)他下周星期五來(lái)這兒。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí)它會(huì)幫助我們。
2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告訴我們說(shuō)她將一切努力在本期趕上其他同學(xué)們。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 過(guò)去當(dāng)你請(qǐng)她幫忙時(shí)，他絕不會(huì)拒絕。
(2) was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告訴我說(shuō)他要參加那次會(huì)議。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他說(shuō)將要拍我去火車(chē)站接她
(3) was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
The building was to be completed next month. 這座建筑改在下個(gè)月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。
(4) was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我們要離開(kāi)時(shí)，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中飯的時(shí)候，門(mén)鈴響起來(lái)了。
(5) was / were +現(xiàn)在分詞。如：
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我們接到通知說(shuō)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
3. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
(1) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，一般用于主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：
He said he would stay with us. 他說(shuō)他要與我們呆在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他說(shuō)他絕不會(huì)再去那兒。
(2) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如：
If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的話，我就不會(huì)那樣做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)向我們展示該如何做了。
4. 拓展
was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形;was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形;was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形等結(jié)構(gòu)都可表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。如：
The conference was going to be held the next month. 會(huì)議下個(gè)月開(kāi)。
We were to have our class at eight. 八點(diǎn)我們?cè)撋险n了。
I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告訴他時(shí)，吳東進(jìn)來(lái)了。
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