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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高中學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高一學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高一英語 > 英語直接引語和間接引語用法

英語直接引語和間接引語用法

時(shí)間: 夏萍1132 分享

英語直接引語和間接引語用法

  在英語的學(xué)習(xí)中,有很多的關(guān)于語法的知識點(diǎn),下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)黻P(guān)于直接引語和間接引語的用法介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  英語直接引語和間接引語用法介紹

  一、概述

  引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法:直接引述別人的原話,這叫做直接引語(direct speech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫間接引語(indirect speech)。一般地講,直接引語前后要加引號,間接引語不用引號,而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。

  Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生說:“我很忙”。(直接引語)

  Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說他很忙。(賓語從句是間接引語)

  從上例看來,直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外,還須對直接引語中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化,如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was?,F(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題,分述如下:

  二、直接引語是陳述句時(shí)

  直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞that引導(dǎo)(that在口語中常省去),that從句之前用say、tell等動詞,從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。

  1、人稱的變化

  直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化,把直接引語中的第一人稱(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you,your,yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人,如無聽話人,可根據(jù)上下文的體會人為確定一個(gè)人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),人稱不變。

  He said , “I like it very much.” 他說:“我非常喜歡它”。

  →He said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he, it不變)

  He said, “You told me this story.”他說:“你給我講過這個(gè)故事。”

  →He said that I had told him that story.他說我給他講過那個(gè)故事。(You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told)

  He said to me, “She's left her book in your room”.他對我說:“她把書放在你的房間里去了。”

  He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。(She's→she had, her不變,your→my)

  2、 時(shí)態(tài)的變化

  (1)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)

直接引語
間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)(不變)
一般將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般將來完成時(shí)
過去將來完成時(shí)

  如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí),直接引語變間接引語時(shí),從句的謂語動詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),動詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表:

  He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說:“我常在星期天看電視”。

  →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。

  He said, “I'm using the knife.”他說:“我正在用小刀。”

  →He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在用小刀。

  She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說:“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”

  →She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。

  He said,“I came to help you.”他說:“我來幫助你。”

  →He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。

  He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他說:“晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。”

  →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。

  Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周蘭說:“下課后我就去做。”

  →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。

  He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他說:“那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。”

  →He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。

  He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他說:“我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。”

  →He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。

  注意:直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。

  The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老師說:“地球是圓的。”

  →The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓的。

  He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他說: “我1965年生于山東。”

  →He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生于山東。

  He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他說:“哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。”

  →He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。

  (2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)

  如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)一律不變

  He says, “I finished the work.”他說:“我做完工作了。”

  He says that he finished the work. 他說他做完工作了。

  He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他會說:“我己經(jīng)澆花了。”

  He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會說他己經(jīng)澆花了。

  高中英語not only...but also...的用法

  not only...but also... 表示“不僅……而且”“既……又”,用于連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語。如:

  Not only men but also women were chosen. 不僅僅是男的,女的也有被選中的。

  We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我們不但餓了,而且也累了。

  She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜歡音樂而且喜歡運(yùn)動。

  She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不僅很會演奏,而且還會作曲。

  We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我們不僅冬天去那兒,而且夏天也去。

  另外,在使用not only…but also…時(shí)還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  1. 有時(shí)可將but also分開用,即將but視為普通的并列連詞,用于連接兩個(gè)句子,然后將also用于句中(用謂語動詞用在一起)。如:

  He's not only very fast, but he's also got marvellous technique. 他不僅很快,而且技術(shù)高超。

  2. 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的also有時(shí)可以省略,或?qū)lso換成too, as well(置于句末)。如:

  He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well]. 他不僅沖洗汽車,而且還擦拭了它。

  His name is known not only in Japan, but in China. 他不僅在日本出名,而且在中國也出名。

  3. 有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z境的需要,not only…but also…也可能用于連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)不同的詞或短語,但這多半因?yàn)槌星笆÷缘脑?。如?/p>

  He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不僅工作日去上班,在周末也去上班。

  句中的not only后接的是謂語goes to,而but also后接的卻是狀語 on weekends,可視為but also后承前省略了謂語動詞 goes to work。

  4. 當(dāng)not only…but also連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動詞的數(shù)原則上與其相近的主語保持一致。如:

  Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片,他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。

  5. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào),可將not only置于句首,此時(shí)其后的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如:

  Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不僅僅遲到了3次,她還沒干一點(diǎn)活。

  Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他們不但需要衣服,而且還缺水。

  有時(shí)也可見到不倒裝的情形,此時(shí)主要見于but also后接省略結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(省略只剩下主語)。如:

  Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不僅我母親不快樂,瑪麗安也不快樂。


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