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初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間: 淑航658 分享

初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  隨著考試的來(lái)臨,我們要做好每一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)!

  初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)

  1.介詞的功能

  介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:

  The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語(yǔ))

  The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ))

  Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ))

  Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

  2.常用介詞的用法辨析

  (1)表時(shí)間的介詞

  at, in on

  表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

  since, after

  由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段,但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去,因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如:

  I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

  After five days the boy came back.

  in, after

  in與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如:

  He will be back in two months.

  He will arrive after four o’clock.

  He returned after a month.

  (2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞

  at, in, on

  at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如:

  He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

  They arrived at a small village before dark.

  There is a big hole in the wall.

  The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

  over, above, on

  over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如:

  There is a bridge over the river.

  We flew above the clouds.

  They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

  across, through

  across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”,但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如:

  The dog ran across the grass.

  The boy swam across the river.

  They walked through the forest.

  I pushed through the crowds.

  in front of, in the front of

  in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某個(gè)范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某個(gè)范圍以?xún)?nèi)。例如:

  There are some tall trees in front of the building.

  The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

  3.介詞的固定搭配

  介詞往往同其他詞類(lèi)形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。

  (1)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配

  listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

  (2)介詞與名詞的搭配

  on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

  (3)介詞與形容詞的搭配

  be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

  4.連詞的功能

  用來(lái)連接詞,短語(yǔ),從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)使用。連詞可分為兩類(lèi):并列連詞和從屬連詞。

  5.并列連詞

  并列連詞用來(lái)連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞,短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有:

  (1)表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。

  (2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。

  (3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。

  (4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。

  初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)

  1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)

  (1)動(dòng)詞+介詞

  常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如:

  Don’t laugh at others.

  Tom asked his parents for a bike.

  (2)動(dòng)詞+副詞

  常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:

  You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.

  Please don’t forget to hand it in.

  (3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

  常見(jiàn)的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如:

  Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

  After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

  (4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

  常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如:

  You should pay attention to your handwriting.

  We should make full use of our time.

  (5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞

  常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞,則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:

  The prisoners were set free.

  He cut it open.

  (6)動(dòng)詞+名詞

  常見(jiàn)的有take place, make friends等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:

  This story took place three years ago.

  I make friends with a lot of people.

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