八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)總結(jié)
學(xué)會(huì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)是非常重要的學(xué)習(xí)方式，下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望能夠幫助到大家!
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)總結(jié)
Module 1
一、語(yǔ)法
1. Why don’t you do ... ?
提建 2. Why not do ... ? Thanks!
議的 3. You should (shouldn’t) do ... . 回答 Good!
表達(dá) 4. It’s a good idea to do ... . Excellent!
方式 5. Try (not) to do ... .
6. How about/ What about doing ... ?
二、重點(diǎn)句子
1. You should speak English in class.
2. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks.
3. Why don’t you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the mistakes?
4. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
5. Try not to translate every word.
6. Everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.
7. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
Module 2~4
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
1. 過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響和后果;
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：由助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成;
肯定句
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have(has)+過(guò)去分詞”。
注意：該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。
疑問(wèn)句
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。
回答：Yes, … have(has).
No, … haven’t(hasn’t).
否定句：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent(hasnt)+過(guò)去分詞”。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):already, just, yet, since, ever, never;
4. 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì) 現(xiàn)在造成了影響和后果。
5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, just now, …ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。
例：
We planted (plant) some flowers in the garden last week.
I have sent (send) the letter.
He has come (come ) back home, he is watching (watch) TV now.
David finished (finish) his homework just now.
The monkeys are full, because we have fed (feed) them.
A: I have lost (lose) my purse!
B. Bad luck! When did you lose (lose) it?
A: I lost (lose) it last night.
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already, just, ever, yet, never
肯定句: already, just
疑問(wèn)句和否定句: ever, yet, never
yet 常置于句末
already, never, ever just一般置于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過(guò)去分詞之前.
例：用 already, just或never, yet完成句子
1) I have been to many big cities, but I have never been to Shanghai.
2) Most of us have already finished our compositions.
3) Have they taken down the old pictures yet ? No, not yet .
4) He has already visited Beijing twice.
5) I have just heard the news. I know it.
7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的for和since
(1)for + 一段時(shí)間(用How long提問(wèn))
We have known each other for ten years. 我們相識(shí)10年了。
(2)since + 句子/具體時(shí)間
since 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句用How long提問(wèn)
?、賡ince+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(具體的年、月、日、鐘點(diǎn)等)。
Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.
?、趕ince + 一段時(shí)間+ago
We have been friends since five months ago. 從5個(gè)月前起，我們就成了朋友。
③since+從句，表示“自過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、某件事情以來(lái)”，從句時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
I have lived here since I left Shanghai.
?、躀t is+一段時(shí)間+since從句，表示“自從某件事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了”。
It is two years since I left school.
8. 在含for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for或since 連用。
leave --- be away die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on finish --- be over
come here --- be here go there --- be there
come back --- be back fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from
go (get) out --- be out open sth --- keep sth open
join --- be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu)/be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu)
fall ill --- be ill get up --- be up
catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep
buy --- have get to know --- know
put on---wear
例：
1. The old man died 4 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 4 years.
2. It is 4 years since the old man died.
Four years has passed since the old man died.
3. He joined the Party 2 years ago.
He has been in the Party for 2 years.
4. I bought the book 5 days ago.
I have had the book for 5 days.
Module 5
反意疑問(wèn)句：用于對(duì)某一事物或觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有確切的把握，或者用于加強(qiáng)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短的一般疑問(wèn)句 [助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+代詞]
肯定或否定 與陳述句的主語(yǔ)一致
肯定 否定
否定 肯定
注意：
1. 反問(wèn)部分的be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要與陳述句部分一致。
2. 陳述句與反問(wèn)句在時(shí)態(tài)和人稱上要一致。
3. 陳述句部分如果為否定句或含有否定意義的詞(如：nothing，never, little, few等)，反問(wèn)句要用肯定式;陳述句部分如果式肯定句，反問(wèn)部分要用否定式。
例：
He was not at home at that time, was he?
May listens to pops everyday, doesn’t she?
We know nothing about him, do we?
You haven’t heard of him, have you?
4. 當(dāng)句子為祈使句時(shí)，反問(wèn)句一般用will you，表示請(qǐng)求或建議對(duì)方作某事，詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意。
注：當(dāng)祈使句為“Let’s ...”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用shall we 反問(wèn)。
Drive more slowly, will you?
Let’s walk out of the library quietly, shall we?
5. 回答：看陳述句的肯定部分，當(dāng)事實(shí)為肯定時(shí)，用Yes;事實(shí)為否定時(shí)，用No。
當(dāng)陳述句為否定句時(shí)，把否定部分忽略，只看肯定部分的意思。
Module 6
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 基本概念
表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間內(nèi)的某一持續(xù)性行為，即過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的詞組或從句連用。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
即：was/were+doing
was用于第一人稱及第三人稱單數(shù)，were用于第二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 基本句型
肯定式：was/were + doing
I/She/He was working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點(diǎn)到4點(diǎn)我/她/他一直都在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。
否定式：was/were + not+ doing
I/She/He wasn’t working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點(diǎn)到4點(diǎn)我/她/他并不在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。
疑問(wèn)式：把was/were放于句首。
—Were you/they working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock?
2點(diǎn)到4點(diǎn)你/你們/他們一直都在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活嗎?
—Yes, I was./Yes, we/they were.
是的，我/我們/他們?cè)诟苫睢?/p>
—No, I wasn’t./No, we/they weren’t.
不是，我/我們/他們并沒(méi)有在干活。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
4. 基本用法
(1)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的行為，常和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。
(2)可用來(lái)為另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而另一個(gè)句子則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.
他在騎車時(shí)把腿摔壞了。
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I am writing a letter now. (am/is/are+doing)
Look! They are waiting for you.
We are working ( work ) on a farm now.
Listen! Someone is knocking (knock) at the door.
Lucy isn’t reading ( not read) at the moment.
Where are they? They are running (run) outside.
表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
My parents were watching TV at 8:30 yesterday evening.
I wasn’t doing my homework when he called me.
6. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
相同點(diǎn)：兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
不同點(diǎn)：
過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可能沒(méi)有完成。
e.g. He read a book last night.
昨天晚上他讀了一本書。(讀完了)
He was reading a story book last night.
昨天晚上他正在讀故事書。(還沒(méi)有讀完)
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