高三英語的語法知識點(diǎn)歸納
高二英語在整個(gè)高中英語中占有非常重要的地位，既是高二又是整個(gè)高中階段的重難點(diǎn)，所以要保持良好的學(xué)習(xí)心態(tài)和正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼母呷⒄Z語法知識點(diǎn)，希望對大家有所幫助!
高三英語語法知識點(diǎn)1
一、不定式做主語：
1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。===動名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (對等)
注: 1). 不定式作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)
2). 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。
it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語， 而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
高三英語語法知識點(diǎn)2
一、非謂語動詞
“非謂語動詞”可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作謂語外,它可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復(fù)合賓語(主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語).有些及物動詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語.這些動詞歸納如下：一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing.還有“二讓”屬特殊：get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing.而有些及物動詞后面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語.這些動詞歸納為一句話：Papa C makes friends.這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜：“允許完成練習(xí),建議避免冒險(xiǎn),考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對忍受”.其相對應(yīng)的動詞依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand.
二、復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that：有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位.因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用.
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)級：which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性).
例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語.而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后.
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動名詞作真正的主語.這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger).
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It還可以作形式賓語.通常下列動詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式.要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞.這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別.
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里,我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.
四、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
學(xué)生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝.如何區(qū)分之,編個(gè)順口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復(fù)合句式倒主句,不
倒裝的屬特殊.下面舉例說明：
A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)
B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語,主句倒裝)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個(gè)主語,不倒裝)
五、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn).所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí).它通過句子的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示.現(xiàn)歸納如下：純假設(shè),用虛擬,動詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級：條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(從句)：現(xiàn)在過去與將來,動詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級：提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do：倆建議,三要求,再加堅(jiān)持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接叢句用虛擬：部分主語從句中, 謂語用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu) (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do). 下面舉例說明：
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)
高三英語語法知識點(diǎn)3
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。
1. 作動詞的賓語
(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略)， 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。
(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她對我說她會接受我的邀請。
2. 作介詞的賓語，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。
3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. it 可以作為形式賓語
it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會結(jié)婚了。
5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞
這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：
正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞
有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：
I don't think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。
表語從句
表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。
(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分)