掌握7門(mén)外語(yǔ)的秘訣

4. Let technology help you out. Dmitrochenkova has a great idea: “A funny thing like resetting the language on your phone can help you learn new words right away,” she says. Ditto for changing the language on your browser. Or you can seek out more structured learning opportunities online. Dutch translator Els De Keyser recommends Duolingo for its gamified approach to grammar, and Anki for memorizing vocabulary with its “intelligent” flashcards.

　　4. 用科技幫助學(xué)習(xí)。迪米特羅肯科娃有一個(gè)很好的方法，她說(shuō)：“重新設(shè)置手機(jī)語(yǔ)言就能讓你馬上學(xué)到新單詞。”你也可以改瀏覽器的語(yǔ)言，或者在網(wǎng)上找一些更系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)資源。荷蘭語(yǔ)翻譯埃爾斯·德凱瑟建議用“多鄰國(guó)”像玩游戲一樣學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法，用Anki的智能卡片背單詞。(多鄰國(guó)：英語(yǔ)為Duolingo，是一個(gè)免費(fèi)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站;Anki：一款幫助記單詞等的軟件，通過(guò)記憶卡片呈現(xiàn)。)

　　5. Think about language-learning as a gateway to new experiences. To Spanish translator Sebastián Betti, learning a language has always been about focusing on the experiences that the new language would open up, from “visiting theme parks, attending air shows, enjoying cowboy poetry and folk-rock festivals, to learning about photo-essay techniques.” In other words, he thinks of fun things that he wanted to do anyway, and makes them into a language-learning opportunity. Many of our translators shared this advice. Italian and French translator Anna Minoli learned English by watching undubbed versions of her favorite movies, while Croatian translator Ivan Stamenković suddenly realized he could speak English in fifth grade, after years of watching the Cartoon Network without subtitles. So the next time you need a vegan carrot cake recipe, find one in the language you’re trying to learn.

　　5. 把外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)看作通往新世界的大門(mén)。西班牙語(yǔ)翻譯巴斯蒂安·貝蒂認(rèn)為，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)就是著眼于外語(yǔ)帶來(lái)的新的體驗(yàn)，包括“游覽主題公園、觀看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演、欣賞牛仔詩(shī)歌和民謠搖滾音樂(lè)節(jié)、學(xué)習(xí)攝影技術(shù)”。換句話說(shuō)，他找出他想做的、好玩的事，然后把這些事變成學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。我們很多翻譯都提到了這點(diǎn)。意大利語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)翻譯安娜·米諾里通過(guò)看她喜歡的英語(yǔ)原版電影來(lái)學(xué)英語(yǔ)，而克羅地亞語(yǔ)翻譯伊凡·斯達(dá)門(mén)科威克小時(shí)候看過(guò)很多年沒(méi)有字幕的卡通頻道，之后在5年級(jí)的時(shí)候，他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。所以你下次需要一份素蘿卜蛋糕的食譜的時(shí)候，找一份用你想學(xué)的語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)的吧。

　　6. Make new friends. Interacting in the new language is key — it will teach you to intuitively express your thoughts, instead of mentally translating each sentence before you say it. Find native speakers near you. Or search for foreign penpals or set up a language tandem online, where two volunteers help one another practice their respectivelanguages.

　　6. 交新朋友。用新語(yǔ)言交流很關(guān)鍵，能教會(huì)你直接用外語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的想法，而不是在腦子里翻譯一遍后才說(shuō)出來(lái)。在自己身邊找一些說(shuō)那種語(yǔ)言的母語(yǔ)人士，或者在網(wǎng)上找外國(guó)筆友和語(yǔ)伴，兩個(gè)人自愿地互相幫助練習(xí)對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言。

　　7. Do not worry about making mistakes. One of the most common barriers to conversing in a new language is the fear of making mistakes. But native speakers are like doting parents: any attempt from you to communicate in their language is objective proof that you are a gifted genius. They’ll appreciate your effort and even help you.

　　7. 不要害怕說(shuō)錯(cuò)。外語(yǔ)對(duì)話最大的障礙就是害怕說(shuō)錯(cuò)。但是母語(yǔ)人士就像溺愛(ài)孩子的父母一樣，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得你每一次嘗試說(shuō)他們的語(yǔ)言都是你天資聰穎的客觀證明。他們很欣賞你的努力，甚至還會(huì)幫助你。

　　Nervous about holding a conversation with a peer? Try testing your language skills with someone a little younger. “I was stoked when I was chatting with an Italian toddler and realized we had the same level of Italian,” recalls German translator Judith Matz.

　　跟同輩交流很緊張?那就和比你年輕一點(diǎn)的人練習(xí)外語(yǔ)。“當(dāng)我跟一個(gè)說(shuō)意大利語(yǔ)的小孩聊天時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的意大利語(yǔ)水平跟我一樣，我頓時(shí)非常開(kāi)心，”德語(yǔ)翻譯朱迪斯·馬茨回憶到。

　　And be patient. The more you speak, the closer you’ll get to the elusive ideal of “native-like fluency.”

　　要有耐心，你說(shuō)得越多，你就會(huì)越接近“像母語(yǔ)一樣流利”這個(gè)模糊的概念。

　　And to talking to people your own age.

　　跟和你年齡相仿的人聊天。