高考英語書面表達(dá)考點突破(2)
高考英語書面表達(dá)突破訓(xùn)練材料
Part A 寫作基本理論 ① 對英語句子的認(rèn)識
意義：英語的句式與中文的不同。我們在學(xué)習(xí)英語的時候要注意到這一點。有的同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)中對此沒有足夠的認(rèn)識，常常受中文的干擾。在寫作中表現(xiàn)出不能寫出正確的句子。
I. 什么是句子?
長的是句子，短的是詞。×
√ 無論字?jǐn)?shù)多少，只要有主語和謂語(動詞)，而且能表達(dá)完整的意義的一句話就是一個句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired.”(雙手合攏，閉上眼，把頭靠在手背上像睡覺的樣子，意思是說“我累了。”)
這兩個句子都具備了主語和謂語。都是完整的句子。要記住：在英語中，一個句子必須且只能有一個謂語。
1. 省略主語的句子
Come in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一個句子不能同時有兩個謂語。
典型錯誤：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把從句的謂語當(dāng)成句子的謂語, 或把主句的謂語當(dāng)成從句的謂語。如果是一個復(fù)合句，主句和從句都應(yīng)該分別有自己的主語和謂語。
典型錯誤：
1) 1) Those who eat too much will easily ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
3)When I at school, I studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判斷以下是否是句子?！?/p>
1. Birds can fly
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday
3. Wait for me at the station
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh
5. A way of saying “I’m sorry” 6. Patting the stomach before a meal
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space
III. 常見的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
由于英語動詞種類的不同，構(gòu)成了不同的句子類型。和中文不同的是，英語的動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。表達(dá)同一個意思時，有的是及物動詞，有的就是不及物動詞。如：表示“聽” 這個意義時，listen 是不及物動詞;hear是及物動詞。表示 “看” 這個意義時，look是不及物動詞，see, watch和 notice就是及物動詞。表示 “到達(dá)”，arrive是不及物動詞，reach是及物動詞。不及物動詞是不能接賓語的。只能加上一個介詞，才能接賓語。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主語 + 不及物動詞
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you’d better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主語 + 系動詞 + 表語
常見的系動詞有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
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