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<h1>什么原因?qū)е聦殞毨亲?/h1> <div id="tmyyfroktkho" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="tmyyfroktkho" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="tmyyfroktkho" class="sp2 c6 fl">時間：<time class="fxtime">2016-04-14 11:07:08</time></span> <span id="tmyyfroktkho" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">曉賢</em><em class="user_id noshow">752</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="tmyyfroktkho" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tmyyfroktkho" class="y_ju"><script type="text/javascript">a("title");</script></div> <div id="tmyyfroktkho" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p>什么原因?qū)е聦殞毨亲?/p><p> 　　引起寶寶拉肚子的原因真的是太多了，對于寶寶的日常照料我們要更加細心。那么，什么原因?qū)е聦殞毨亲幽?寶寶拉肚子說說原因?下面就由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編告訴大家寶寶拉肚子的原因吧!</p><p><strong>　　什么原因?qū)е聦殞毨亲?/strong></p><p> 　　1.腸道感染</p><p> 　　病毒感染較細菌感染更為常見，主要有輪狀病毒、人杯狀病毒、人星狀病毒、腸道腺病毒等。其中輪狀病毒為感染“主力軍”，世界范圍內(nèi)35%-52%的拉肚子由輪狀病毒引起，幾乎所有3歲以前兒童均有感染史，我國每年因輪狀病毒感染而死亡的兒童達3萬例。此外，細菌中致病性大腸桿菌、空腸彎曲菌、金黃色葡萄球菌感染案例較多。</p><p> 　　2.乳糖不耐受</p><p> 　　嬰兒急性拉肚子通常會導(dǎo)致其小腸黏膜受損，導(dǎo)致小腸黏膜上緣乳糖酶水平快速下降，乳糖分解能力大幅減退。而那些未在小腸被分解的乳糖，進入結(jié)腸后會被細菌敗解形成單糖，增加結(jié)腸內(nèi)的滲透壓，引發(fā)滲透性拉肚子，從而加重和延長急性拉肚子過程。研究表明嬰兒拉肚子繼發(fā)乳糖不耐受率可達46.9%-70.0%，輪狀病毒感染有很大可能會造成乳糖不耐受。</p><p> 　　因此，在嬰兒出現(xiàn)急性拉肚子時，首先需治療原發(fā)病，其次應(yīng)用無乳糖配方代替普通配方粉，直至拉肚子痊愈，再堅持1~2周，以確保乳糖酶功能恢復(fù)。</p><p> 　　3.應(yīng)用抗生素</p><p> 　　嬰幼兒應(yīng)用β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素(青霉素類和頭孢菌素類)時可能會導(dǎo)致其腸道菌群失衡，出現(xiàn)腹脹、腹痛、拉肚子、噯氣等癥狀，嚴重者甚至可發(fā)生電解質(zhì)紊亂、酸堿失衡、脫水。同時，抗生素的應(yīng)用也會使腸粘膜損傷出現(xiàn)乳糖不耐受的現(xiàn)象。在出現(xiàn)抗生素相關(guān)性拉肚子時，建議調(diào)整抗生素方案，補充益生菌制劑，并采用無乳糖配方奶粉。</p><p> 　　4.母乳成分</p><p> 　　母乳中的前列腺素與脂肪水平也與嬰兒拉肚子相關(guān)。國內(nèi)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，母乳中高水平的前列腺素E2將促進嬰兒小腸平滑肌的蠕動，使水和電解質(zhì)的分泌增多，從而增加了大便的次數(shù)。而母乳中脂肪水平過高，將導(dǎo)致脂肪代謝紊亂，腸道滲透壓發(fā)生變化，進而引發(fā)拉肚子。</p><p> 　　5.著裝不當(dāng)</p><p> 　　腹部受涼時腸道受刺激蠕動增強，受熱時胃酸、消化酶分泌減少，從而引起拉肚子。所以在夏天要注意嬰幼兒腹部的保暖，切不可讓孩子處于“開著空調(diào)，露著肚皮”的狀態(tài)中。</p><p> 　　6.積食、傷食</p><p> 　　若因嬰兒驟然改變飲食，添加輔食過多過快;或小兒飲食無節(jié)，貪食無厭，進食過量;或過食肥膩煎炸滑腸、粘滯干硬難化、生冷瓜果傷陽之類食品;或嬰兒期未逐漸添加輔食。斷乳后驟進普通食物不能運化;或因小兒不注意衛(wèi)生，誤進污染食品等，皆可造成食積腸胃，脾運失司，產(chǎn)生傷食瀉。</p><p><strong>　　寶寶拉肚子怎么辦</strong></p><p> 　　一、不要餓著寶寶的小肚子</p><p> 　　一定不能禁食，要鼓勵孩子適當(dāng)進食，少量多餐。只有當(dāng)孩子頻繁嘔吐時需要禁食，同時需要到醫(yī)院補液。</p><p> 　　二、飲食以流質(zhì)和半流質(zhì)為主，也就是奶、米湯、粥為主，暫時不要吃生冷的、硬的、油炸和脂肪多的食物。</p><p> 　　三、不要凍著寶寶的小肚子</p><p> 　　家長可以適當(dāng)?shù)赜脽崴鼘殞毜母共窟M行熱敷(但溫度要控制，可不能燙著寶寶)，也可幫寶寶輕揉肚子，以緩解其疼痛。</p><p> 　　四、不要“臟了”寶寶的小肚子</p><p> 　　生活用品消毒，患兒用過的東西要及時洗滌并進行消毒處理，以免反復(fù)交叉感染。</p><p> 　　寶寶的玩具也應(yīng)該經(jīng)常消毒。對寶寶的飲食用具，如奶瓶、湯勺等，在每次用前和用完后都應(yīng)該用開水洗燙，最好每天煮沸消毒一次。</p><p> 　　五、保持肛門清潔，每次大便后都要用溫水擦洗干凈，嬰兒要及時更換尿布。</p><p> 　　六、建議家長在秋冬季盡量不要帶著小寶寶到公共場所，避免傳染輪狀病毒。</p><p> 　　七、合理用藥，治療好寶寶的小肚子</p><p> 　　特別提醒：秋季拉肚子多由輪狀病毒引發(fā)，不需要使用抗生素，除非重癥有并發(fā)炎癥時要遵醫(yī)囑規(guī)范使用抗生素。</p><p> 　　八、家長不要隨意給患兒服用抗生素，抗生素使用不當(dāng)不僅不能治病，還會殺死腸道內(nèi)正常菌群，破壞寶寶體內(nèi)微生態(tài)平衡，導(dǎo)致拉肚子遷延不愈或繼發(fā)二重感染。</p> </div> <div id="tmyyfroktkho" class="y_ju"><script 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