在托福閱讀考試中，很多考生在看到最后一個(gè)歸總題的時(shí)候直接就放棄了，所以對(duì)于很多考生而言，歸總題幾乎就成了考生在考試中的噩夢(mèng)了。想了解托福閱讀歸總題解題方法嗎，往下看看吧。

托福閱讀歸總題解題方法

托福閱讀考試中的歸總題主要考察的是考生理解全文的能力，特別是考察考生對(duì)于文章中觀點(diǎn)和概念之間的組織結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力，考生如果想要在這個(gè)題目中取得高分，就一定要掌握整篇文章的中心內(nèi)容以及形成一個(gè)文章的整體框架，在讀文章的過程中，要特別注意觀察每一段中的段首句和段尾句，因?yàn)樗鼈兺沂玖嗣恳欢沃幸撌龅闹行膬?nèi)容。

建議考生每讀一段文章就要對(duì)這一段話中的主要觀點(diǎn)和它們之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行匯總，而且因?yàn)檫@道題目是以選擇題的方式來考察考生的答題能力的，所以考生也需要學(xué)會(huì)選擇，如果在選擇題目中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容過于細(xì)節(jié)，或者是在文章中沒有出現(xiàn)的話，一般來說，考生就可以判定這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。

托福閱讀常見錯(cuò)誤

1.選擇題，就是要用排除法

這是一種常見的關(guān)于托福閱讀的認(rèn)知錯(cuò)誤。要知道四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，有三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，只有一個(gè)正確的，且位置不定，毫無規(guī)律可循。試問，選錯(cuò)的概率比選對(duì)的概率高50%。所以，排除法并不好用。只有把新托福閱讀中選擇題當(dāng)做簡答題做，即從原文中找到題干對(duì)應(yīng)答案，再進(jìn)行選擇才是正確，而且往往閱讀高手還可以節(jié)約掉不必要的閱讀選項(xiàng)的時(shí)間。

解決方法：選擇題，不用排除法，而當(dāng)做簡答題完成。

2.不看標(biāo)題，直接讀文章

這是流行在托福界的一個(gè)普遍的錯(cuò)誤。如果標(biāo)題真的沒用，那么精于算計(jì)的American考官早就取消了。標(biāo)題是一篇文章的主題所在，理解它，就可以預(yù)判文章的內(nèi)容，甚至是結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)提升閱讀興趣，避免新托福閱讀考試后疲勞癥的出現(xiàn)。

解決方法：標(biāo)題必須看，而且要預(yù)測(cè)文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)和大體內(nèi)容。

3.詞匯題，只有增加詞匯量才行

要知道在托福的詞匯考核中，基本詞匯量、構(gòu)詞法分析還有上下文推斷是三個(gè)考點(diǎn)。意味增加詞匯量，只能對(duì)基本詞匯量和部分構(gòu)詞法詞匯起到幫助，對(duì)上下文推斷收效甚微，這就是為什么經(jīng)常有考試詞匯量大概10,000但是托福閱讀仍舊還在24-26分徘徊的原因。所以，托福考試備考生們一定要注意，詞匯理解必須基于句子結(jié)構(gòu)搭配，以及上下文分析方可。

解決方法：詞匯題，有時(shí)需要結(jié)合上下文理解，但是詞匯量仍舊是基礎(chǔ)。

4.最后一題，最后才看

這種觀點(diǎn)只有沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的菜鳥托福才這樣想、并這樣做。因?yàn)樗淖罱K結(jié)果只會(huì)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間重讀原文，或YY答案，其正確率根本沒有保障。正確之道是先看，而非后看。因?yàn)樽詈笠活}要么要求總結(jié)文章段落大意，要么是分類填表。只有提前了解了題型和基本要求，才能在閱讀時(shí)有的放矢，讓文章閱讀只做一遍。不必要的閱讀時(shí)間縮短了，正確率才會(huì)提高。

托福閱讀解題原則

1、上下文原則

所謂的上下文原則指的是，在做題的過程中，根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞定位，定位到原文的某個(gè)句子之后，還需要根據(jù)句子的上下文進(jìn)行理解，有些題目只根據(jù)一句話是無法找出正確答案的，這一點(diǎn)需要考試特別注意。例如：TPO7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece , intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?從題干的According to paragraph 4和Horace可以把答案定位到第4段最后一句，這句話一開始就有個(gè)such，所以應(yīng)該聯(lián)系上文，因?yàn)樯衔牟攀荋orace的觀點(diǎn)，前面不停說希臘是原創(chuàng)者，羅馬只是跟著學(xué)，所以羅馬沒什么有價(jià)值的東西。因此考生要特別注意這一點(diǎn)。

2、選項(xiàng)和原文一致原則

所謂的選項(xiàng)和原文一致原則就是正確選項(xiàng)一定是原文內(nèi)容的同義改寫，大家不要主觀臆造，才能保證正確率。還有一種常見的現(xiàn)象是學(xué)生做完題之后，再次進(jìn)行檢查的時(shí)候會(huì)改答案，建議考生一定要相信自己的初感覺，不是百分百確定，一般不要改答案。還有一點(diǎn)需要大家注意那就是根據(jù)原文選擇選項(xiàng)時(shí)，不要過多推斷，因?yàn)槊绹硕际蔷€性思維，相信自己的初感覺?？偟膩碚f，托福閱讀要理解選項(xiàng)和原文之間的關(guān)系，提高閱讀的正確率。

3、開頭結(jié)尾原則

在托福閱讀中，所謂的開頭結(jié)尾原則跟聽力中的開頭結(jié)尾原則是有些不一樣的。在聽力中的開頭原則指的是整篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，但是在托福閱讀中正篇文章的開頭結(jié)尾固然重要，但是每個(gè)段落的開頭結(jié)尾也是很重要的。每個(gè)段落的開頭句是段落主題，段落的最后一句話段落總結(jié)，都是我們抓住關(guān)鍵信息的重要位置。

托福閱讀：無家可歸的孩子也能走向成功

Teachers at Arlington Park Learning Center have high expectations for all of their students - including those who are homeless.

This past summer, single mother Angela Arnold moved halfway across the United States, from North Carolina to Dallas, Texas, with her 9-year-old son Jordan. A veteran mortgage lender who'd been laid off, she expected to quickly find a new job here, where the economy’s better. So she rented a room by the week in an extended-stay motel. That was more than six months ago.

When she enrolled Jordan in her neighborhood school, Arlington Park Learning Center’s counselor told her she was considered homeless.

"I’m like, 'Homeless? What do you mean homeless? I’m not homeless,'" says Arnold. "And, like I said, 'I’ve never been put in a situation such as this.' He said, 'Well it’s a homeless program you’re in because you don’t have a home, have an address, you don’t have a residency. I thought ‘Wow, OK.’"

Arnoldis still looking for work while managing with her unemployment check. She is one of more than 100 Arlington Park parents considered homeless. The small school with 246 mostly black and Hispanic students sits close to Interstate 35, a busy highway. The county hospital, a women's shelter and several extended-stay hotels, where the rooms have small kitchens.

"We have a lot of children coming from the hotels and motels out on 35," says Mark Pierce, who runs the school district’s homeless education program, including the one at Arlington Park. "So we have a lot of kids there. Every single day we get new kids from the hotels and motels."

There are at least 5,000 homeless students in Dallas schools. Pierce says families find themselves to be homeless for a variety of reasons.

"A family living with another family, because they’ve been evicted, because they’re fleeing from domestic violence, because they just weren’t able to afford their housing anymore, and just gave it up and moved in with somebody, they’re homeless."

The school district gives their children breakfast, lunch and weekend snacks, and provides transportation to and from the hotels, motels and shelters. It helps parents too, by offering free city bus passes.

Arnoldis grateful for the help she receives. "If it wasn’t for the program they have here, with the clothes, the uniforms they provide, the book bags, because all our things are in storage."

Her 4th grade son, Jordan, says he loves his new school, but not the hotel.

"I wish we were going to have a house to go in. I like Texas better because they have more schools, art schools. It’s kind of good here, because it’s so, it’s so just good to me. It’s all good to me in every way. And then all the teachers, they just want you to have a good day. That’s why they’re so hard on you."

They’re ‘hard’ on the students, says Arlington Park Principal Nikia Smith, because they want them to excel, adding that homelessness is no excuse for low expectations.

"The expectations for learning are still there, and expectations we’ll get them close to the level of proficiency for testing as any of our students who’ve been here all year is still a very big thing we have to deal with," says Smith.

But homeless students have more than academic issues to deal with, says first-grade teacher Jacqueline Smith. It's difficult for their parents to worry about school supplies when they're not sure where their next meal is coming from.

"I needed to adapt, adapting to where I realized I had to go out sometimes and buy the comb, buy the brush, buy the lotion. Have it in my drawer," she says. "They come and their hair wasn’t combed. I had to comb their hair. I had to have wipes, 'Go in the bathroom and wash your face.' In a way, I became mom."

Smith expects to stay at Arlington Park until she retires, because she says, these students are like her kids.

That personalized attention might be paying off. The school’s rank among Texas schools - based on student performance on math and reading tests - keeps improving.

Principal Nikia Smith says it’s not the child’s fault a parent is out of work, on drugs or in jail. But their home situation shouldn’t affect what happens at school. At Arlington Park, she says, students will learn and everyone will defy the odds so they can shine.

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