英語閱讀題歷史文化模塊訓(xùn)練
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英語閱讀題歷史文化模塊訓(xùn)練
歷史文化1
The modern British Empire first took shape in the early 17th century，with the British settlement of the eastern colonies of North America，which would later become the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica.
These sugar plantation islands，where slavery became the basis of the economy，were at first Britain's most important and successful colonies.The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.
Britain's American empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization.The ever growing American colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands.Conflict arose with the Dutch over trade and empire; First Anglo?Dutch War (1652～1654); Second Anglo?Dutch War (1665～1667); Third Anglo?Dutch War (1672～1674); Britain gained control of New Amsterdam，which was renamed New York，but ceded Suriname.They defeated the French，first expanding their hold over the maritime provinces.Then during the Seven Years War the British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760.This gave Britain control over almost all of North America.Fourth Anglo?Dutch War (1780～1784); Anglo?Dutch Treaty of 1814;Anglo?Dutch Treaty of 1824.
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technological advances led to the Industrial Revolution.Britain's position as the world's pre?eminent trader helped fund research and experimentation.The nation was also gifted by some of the world's greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the new revolution.
Notes：
①naval adj.海的?、赾ede vt.放棄 ③treaty n.條約
④pre?eminent adj.卓越的;優(yōu)秀的
長短句分析：The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.
句法點睛：本句中，“providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north”為定語，修飾colonies;but連接兩個謂語。
句意：美洲的殖民地，南方提供了煙草、棉花、水稻，北方提供了海產(chǎn)品和皮毛，這從經(jīng)濟上不是很成功，但是肥沃的農(nóng)業(yè)用地吸引了大量的英國移民。
【語篇解讀】 現(xiàn)代大不列顛帝國的雛形開始于17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時英國占領(lǐng)了現(xiàn)在美國、加拿大臨海的一些省份以及北美一些島嶼國家的地方。英國進(jìn)行了殘酷的殖民統(tǒng)治，從當(dāng)?shù)厝耸种袏Z取了大量的土地。南方為英國人提供煙草、棉花和水稻，而北方則提供大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)業(yè)用地。經(jīng)過多年的戰(zhàn)爭，英國人從法國人手中奪取了土地，并與當(dāng)?shù)厝撕炇饏f(xié)議，成為合法的土地使用者。這里的煤炭為18世紀(jì)晚期和19世紀(jì)早期的工業(yè)革命提供了能源保證。
1.Where did the British first settle when they first came to America in the 17th century?
A.Only the United States.
B.Not only the United States but also parts of other countries.
C.The whole of Canada.
D.Small islands.
答案 B [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica”可知，當(dāng)時英國占領(lǐng)的不僅僅是美國，還占領(lǐng)了加拿大的臨海省份，以及一些島嶼國家。]
2.According to the passage what in America made the British interested most?
A.Tobacco，cotton，and rice.
B.Naval material and furs.
C.A great deal of good farmland.
D.Forests.
答案 C [聯(lián)系第二段中的“naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants”可知，英國移民看上的不是海產(chǎn)品和皮毛，而是大量的肥沃土地。]
3.What does the underlined word “pressed” mean in the third paragraph?
A.Touched. B.Pushed. C.Published. D.Extended.
答案 D [詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系“westward in search of new agricultural lands”可知，這些殖民者向西擴張以尋求更多的土地，因此D項最合適。]
4.How many years was it from the first war with Anglo to the end of the last war in history?
A.132 years. B.162 years.C.172 years. D.108 years.
答案 A [推理判斷題。第一次戰(zhàn)爭開始于1652年，而最后一次戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束于1784年，因此得出答案A。]
歷史文化2
Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environments.For example，the end of the last Ice Age，beginning about 15,000 years ago，brought an enormous challenge to which humans had to adapt.Before this time，large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth's water.In North America，large animals that roamed the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.When the earth became warm，large Ice Age animals disappeared，and many land areas were submerged by rising sea levels from melting ice.But people survived.They developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species.Finally some people settled into permanent villages，durable houses and farms.
Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet.Through history，major developments in technology，medicine，and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever?increasing numbers.The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.
However，the successes of culture can also create problems in the long run.Over the last 200 years，people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.The global population now consumes some crucial natural resources—such as petroleum，wood，and mineral ores—faster than nature can produce them.Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.Thus，the adaptive success of the present?day global culture of production and commerce may be temporary.
Notes：
tundra n.冰原;苔原?、趕ubmerge vt.淹沒
③crucial adj.關(guān)鍵的?、躱re n.礦
長短句分析：Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.
句法點睛：這是個主從復(fù)合句。Many scientists believe為主句部分，in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes為賓語從句的時間狀語，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways為賓語從句的主干部分。
句意：很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在燃料燃燒和產(chǎn)生垃圾的過程中，人們可能正以無法預(yù)測的，甚至是有害的方式改變著全球的氣候。
【語篇解讀】 本文為議論文。文章論述了人類在適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境得到了飛速發(fā)展的同時，也帶來了系列問題：人類的過度發(fā)展破環(huán)了自然，以至給人類自己帶來了災(zāi)難。
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A.How the human being survived in the Ice Age.
B.What the situation was during the Ice Age.
C.What caused the Ice Age to come to an end.
D.Why the Ice Age was very important.
答案 A [主旨大意題。雖然冰川融化，人類食物鏈遭到破壞，但由于人類具有認(rèn)識和使用新技術(shù)的能力而得以存活，并發(fā)展?fàn)畲?。]
2.The passage doesn't tell the readers ________.
A.what caused the earth to become warm
B.when the ending of the Ice Age began
C.the population of the Ice Age
D.the problem of cultural adaptation
答案 A [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文沒有論及地球變暖的原因。]
3.Which is the problem of cultural adaption?
A.A very developed culture came into being.
B.Too much species have been endangered.
C.The world has become too crowded.
D.Human activities have made damage to the balance of nature.
答案 D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。人類過量使用自然資源而破壞了生態(tài)平衡。]
4.In face of the greater challenge，human beings should ________.
A.stop developing any longer
B.reduce using too much natural resources
C.find a way out to stop the warming up of the globe
D.save more animals in case they all die out
答案 B [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。人類過量使用自然資源已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境的惡化，理智的辦法就是減少使用自然資源。]
維B 短文改錯(每題1.5分，滿分15分)
下面文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Angela works at a university as adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problems if they need help or advices.Most of them are worried about their studies and exams.Some of them have problems connect with renting flats，though the biggest problem was loneliness.Universities are excited places but some students find difficult to make friends.They miss their families but feel lost in the new environment.They're upset.Angela's job is to listen to and try to understand whether they are thinking about.And of course she also gives practical advice when she is needed.
答案
Angela works at a university as adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problems if they need help or .Most of them are worried about their studies and exams.Some of them have problems with renting flats，though the biggest problem loneliness.Universities are places but some students find difficult to make friends.They miss their families feel lost in the new environment.They're upset.Angela's job is to listen to\/ and try to understand they are thinking about.And of course she also gives practical advice when is needed.
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