中國銀行的作用

　　銀行是以存款、貸款、電匯、儲蓄等業(yè)務，承擔信用中介的金融機構。接下來小編為大家整理了中國銀行的作用，希望對你有幫助哦!

　　I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China

　　1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.

　　盡管銀行與其他以盈利為目的的企業(yè)具有許多共同的特征，但它在國民經(jīng)濟中還發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。銀行可以動員儲蓄，為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金，傳遞貨幣政策，提供支付系統(tǒng)，轉化風險。

　　(1)整個第一段是由"連詞although……"引導的主從復合句(讓步狀語從句)，意為"雖然;縱使;盡管……但……"。

　　through介詞，后面跟了幾個并列的"動名詞短語"，有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。

　　(2)the banking industry in China

　　banking：銀行業(yè)

　　例：the banking industry in China：中國銀行業(yè)

　　the banking sector：銀行業(yè)

　　a banking crisis：銀行業(yè)危機

　　banking hours：銀行營業(yè)時間

　　industry：①產(chǎn)業(yè)

　　例：primary industry第一產(chǎn)業(yè);初級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事初級原材料，如煤炭、木材、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè))

　　secondary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè);次級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事利用初級原材料生產(chǎn)加工制成品的產(chǎn)業(yè))

　　tertiary(service) industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè);服務行業(yè)(不生產(chǎn)原材料，也不生產(chǎn)加工制成品，而僅提供服務的產(chǎn)業(yè)，例如銀行業(yè)、零售業(yè)、會計工作等)

　?、谛袠I(yè)

　　例：advertising industry：廣告業(yè)

　　the insurance industry：保險業(yè)

　?、踫ector：部門;部分

　　例：All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.

　　所有經(jīng)濟部門都受到匯率上升的影響。

　　public sector：政府部門;公營部門

　　private sector：私營部門

　　(股票市場的)行業(yè);按行業(yè)(如銀行業(yè))分類上市股票

　　(3)share common features：具有共同特征

　　share: have a share:(share in sth)：共有;分享;分擔

　　例：to share losses(expenses)：分擔損失(費用)

　　to share the blame(responsibility)：分擔過失(責任)

　　to share in profits：分享利益

　　(4)profit-seeking business：以盈利為目的的企業(yè)

　　business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc：商店;工商企業(yè)等

　　(5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value：節(jié)約;節(jié)儉

　　例：to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system：實行節(jié)約措施

　　economies of scale：規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(通過增加產(chǎn)量來降低成本，提高利潤)

　?、趕ystem for the management and use of resources：經(jīng)濟(制度)，一個國家的經(jīng)濟狀況(一個國家的財政金融狀況，一個國家賺錢、用錢的方式)

　　例：controlled economy：受政府控制的經(jīng)濟

　　free market economy：自由市場經(jīng)濟(政府對經(jīng)濟不進行任何形式的干預的經(jīng)濟制度)

　　global economy：全球經(jīng)濟

　　mixed economy：混合經(jīng)濟(既有國有工業(yè)也有私人企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟制度)

　　planned economy：計劃經(jīng)濟(政府對所有經(jīng)濟活動進行計劃的經(jīng)濟制度)

　　(6)to mobilize savings：動員儲蓄

　　mobilize: v.collect together for service or use：動員(尤指戰(zhàn)勝敵人的動員)

　　例：to mobilize capital

　　慕集資金以支持某事

　　to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid

　　求得股東等的支持以阻止公司被收購

　　(7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金

　　allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose：按計劃分配;配給

　　例：to allocate shares：分配股份(將可供股票數(shù)目在大批申請購股人之間進行分配)

　　to allocate capital funds：分配資金;調(diào)配資金

　　We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我們把10%的年收入用于廣告。

　　(8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc)：v.提供資金

　　例：to finance an operation：為一項目提供資金

　　(9)capital funds：資本金;資金

　　例：capital assets：資本資產(chǎn)(公司擁有并使用的房地產(chǎn)或機器等)

　　capital goods：資本品，生產(chǎn)資料(用于制造其他產(chǎn)品的商品，如機器設備等)

　　capital profit：資本盈余，資本利潤(資產(chǎn)變賣所得利潤)

　　(10)monetary policy：貨幣政策

　　monetary: a.of money or a currency：貨幣的;通貨的

　　例：monetary control：貨幣控制(控制貨幣供應量)

　　the government‘s monetary policy政府的貨幣政策(與金融有關的政府政策，如貨幣供應量、銀行利率、政府支出與借款)

　　monetary standard：貨幣本位(為貨幣固定比價，如把貨幣的價值同一定量黃金掛鉤、稱金本位制)

　　manetary targets：貨幣目標(政府在制定第二年預算時所確定的一些數(shù)字，如貨幣供應量、公共部門借款需求等)

　　monetary unit：貨幣單位(一國的或國家集團內(nèi)的標準貨幣，如人民幣的元、英鎊、美元、法郎、非洲金融共同體法郎、歐共體貨幣單位等)

　　the international monetary system：國際貨幣體系(國與國之間控制貨幣和兌換貨幣的方式)

　　the International Monetary Fund(IMF)：國際貨幣基金組織

　　(11)to transform risks轉化風險;轉移風險

　　risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc：風險(可能的損害或危害);危險

　　例：to run a risk：冒風險(很可能遭受損害)

　　to take a risk：承擔風險(做可能使自己損失錢財或遭受傷害的事)

　　1.First, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.

　　第一，銀行是社會流動資金的集散地。

　　(1)serve: v.be satisfactory for a need or purpose：利于，合適;可作……用(與as或for連用)

　　例：A worm will serve as bait.蛹可作餌用。

　　This room will serve for the office.這個房間可作辦公室用。

　　(2)the public:members of the community in general：公眾;民眾(此處引伸為"整個社會")

　　(3)principal repository：主要集散地;樞紐

　　principal: a.highest in order of importance：最重要的

　　repository:place where things are or may be stored：n.倉庫，儲藏所(此處引伸為"集散地，集散中心")

　　(4)liquid funds：流動資金

　　liquid: a.easily sold or changed into cash：易變現(xiàn)的，含有大量現(xiàn)金的，流動的

　　例：liquid assets：流動資產(chǎn)(指現(xiàn)金或易變現(xiàn)票據(jù))

　　to go liquid：將(盡可能多的)資產(chǎn)轉換成現(xiàn)金

　　liquid market：流動市場，交易旺盛的市場(某種證券的市場，這個市場有足夠的股票可供出售而不扭曲價格。其反義詞是thin market：交易清淡的市場)

　　2.The safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the financial system.

　　銀行吸納的資金可用于儲戶的日常交易或其他目的，這種資金的安全性和可獲得性，對保證金融體系的穩(wěn)定和效率至關重要。

　　(1)be essential to：對……至關重要

　　essential: a.necessary;indispensable;most important

　　(2)stability: n.quality of being stable:穩(wěn)定性;安定

　　(3)efficiency: n.state or quality of being efficient:效力;效率

　　efficient: a.producing a desired or satisfactory result:有效力的;有效率的

　　(4)the financial system：金融體系

　?、賔inancial: a.of finance：金融的;財務的

　　例：financial institutions：金融機構(從事證券投資業(yè)務的機構，比如銀行同業(yè)協(xié)會、養(yǎng)老基金或保險公司)

　　financial intermediary：金融中介(從事吸收存款、發(fā)放貸款業(yè)務的金融機構，包括銀行、租賃公司及各種類型的金融機構)

　　financial instrument：金融工具(在股票市場或其他金融市場進行的任何形式的投資，如購買股票、政府債券、大額存單、匯票等)

　　②system:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation：系統(tǒng)，體制;制度

　　例：a payment system：支付體系，支付系統(tǒng)

　　the whole financial system：整個金融系統(tǒng)

　　banking system：銀行體系

　　information system：信息系統(tǒng)

　　monetary(money) system：貨幣制度

　　Paragraph 3

　　3.Second, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce financial resources.

　　第二，銀行通過將儲蓄引導到生產(chǎn)性投資領域，在有效配置有限的金融資源方面起著關鍵的作用。

　　(1)channel……(to): v.cause to go through a channel:使經(jīng)過某種路線前進;引導

　　channel: n.any way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:(消息，意見等傳播的)途徑;路線;方法

　　(2)savings: n.money saved up:(復)儲金;儲蓄

　　例：keep one‘s savings in a bank:把儲蓄的錢存在銀行

　　savings account:儲蓄賬戶

　　(3)productive investments:生產(chǎn)性投資(領域)

　　(4)to play a unique role (in)：發(fā)揮著特殊作用

　　to play a key role (in)：起著關鍵作用

　　(5)to facilitate efficient allocation of：有效配置……

　　facilitate: vt.make easy;lessen the difficulty of：使容易;使便利

　　(6)scarce financial resources：有限的(稀缺的)金融資源

　　scarce: a.not available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand：缺乏的;稀罕的

　　Paragraph 4

　　4.Third, banks serve to transmit the impulses of monetary policy to the whole financial system and ultimately to the real economy.

　　第三，銀行將貨幣政策的變化趨勢傳導到整個金融系統(tǒng)并最終至實體經(jīng)濟部門。

　　(1)transmit (to): v.pass or hand on;send on:傳送;傳遞

　　(2)the impulse of monetary policy：貨幣政策態(tài)勢(傳導機制，調(diào)節(jié)機制)

　　impulse: n.tendency to act without reflection：不假思索而行事的頃向

　　sudden inclination to act without thought about the consequences：沖動

　　(3)the real economy：實體經(jīng)濟部門

　　real: a.existing in fact：真實的;

　　(價格等)實際的(按照通貨膨脹率重新調(diào)整過的)

　　例：real income(real wages)：實際收入(實際工資)(扣除所得稅并排除通貨膨脹因素后的可支配收入)

　　real interest rate：實際利率(考慮通貨膨脹后的利率)

　　real value：實際價值(通過指數(shù)化等方法保持不變的投資價值)

　　1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.

　　第四，銀行部門為現(xiàn)代財政和企業(yè)體制的發(fā)展提供必要的國家支付體系。

　　(1)the indispensable national payment mechanism：必要的國家支付體系

　　indispensable：a.不可缺少的;絕對必要的

　　mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed：機制;結構

　　例：competitive mechanism：競爭機制

　　exchange rate mechanism：匯率機制

　　market mechanism：市場機制

　　price mechanism：價格機制

　　mechanism of exchange：交易機構

　　mechanism of government：政府機構

　　(2)modern financial and business systems：現(xiàn)代財務制度和工商企業(yè)體系

　　Paragragh 6

　　2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them.

　　整個銀行體系采用集中風險的手段來降低風險，使那些更原意承擔風險的人去承擔風險。

　　(1)aggregation: n.聚集;匯集(風險)

　　aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集;匯聚

　　them:此處指"風險"

　　carry them (risks):負擔(具有)風險

　　carry: v. involve;entail:具有;使負擔

　　例：The loan carries 3.5% interest.該貸款負擔百分之三點五的利息。

　　(2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承擔風險的(那些人)

　　由(who are) willing to bear them定語從句(簡化為分詞短語)修飾前面的those (persons)。

　　bear: v.endure承擔;忍受

　　Paragragh 7

　　3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China‘s banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.

　　中國銀行業(yè)經(jīng)過50年的發(fā)展，特別是經(jīng)過20多年的改革開放，已經(jīng)進入了一個蓬勃發(fā)展的階段。

　　(1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期間

　　(2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:發(fā)育;發(fā)展

　　(3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革開放

　　4、 The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China‘s banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.

　　在過去的幾年中，中國銀行業(yè)的改革速度顯著加快，特別是強化了中央銀行的監(jiān)管職能和對宏觀經(jīng)濟的管理職能。

　　(1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加強;強化

　　(2)capacity: n.ability能力;職能

　　(3)supervision: n.監(jiān)督;管理

　　supervise: v.watch and direct監(jiān)督;管理;指導

　　(4)microeconomic management:宏觀經(jīng)濟管理

　　(5)openness: n.open ness

　　Paragragh 8

　　5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.

　　現(xiàn)代中國銀行業(yè)體制的發(fā)展演變大體上分為三個階段。

　　(1)phase: n.stage of development:階段;時期

　　6.The establishment of the People‘s Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.

　　這個階段以中國人民銀行由既從事政策性銀行業(yè)務，又從事商業(yè)性銀行業(yè)務的單一銀行(制度)為特征。

　　本句為由which引導的非限制性定語從句，對主句作補充說明。

　　(1)be characterized by …:以……為特征

　　(2)mono-bank (system):單一銀行(制度)

　　mono-:(字首)表示"單一"之意。

　　(3)由engaged in …過去分詞短語修飾前面的a mono-bank (system)。

　　6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.

　　這種體制是由高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制決定的。

　　(1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制

　　(2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配

　　1.The second phase begin in 1984 when the State Council decided to make the PBC function as a central bank.

　　第二階段始于1984年，是國務院決定由中國人民銀行行使中央銀行的職能。

　　此句為由when關系副詞引導的定語從句，修飾前面的時間先行詞1984年。

　　(1)to make the PBC function as a central bank:使中國人民銀行行使中央銀行職能

　　(2)make: v.cause to be or become:使;使成為

　　(3)function (as…):operate;act:盡職責;起作用

　　(4)PBC(People‘s Bank of China):the central bank of our country中國人民銀行，即我國的中央銀行

　　2.The decision,which was made in response to the increased role of market forces in the economy,promoted diversification of financial institutions with the establishment of the four specialized banks,now known as wholly state-owned commercial banks.

　　該決定是針對當時市場經(jīng)濟活動在整個國民經(jīng)濟生活中的作用明顯提高的情況作出的，它促進了金融機構多元化的發(fā)展，先后組建了四大專業(yè)銀行，即現(xiàn)在人們所說的四家國有獨資商業(yè)銀行。

　　(1)which引導非限制性定語從句。

　　(2)in response to:對……作出反應;對……作出回答

　　(3)market forces:市場因素;市場經(jīng)濟活動

　　force: n.thing that makes great changes:引起重大改變的事物;因素;力

　　例：economic forces:經(jīng)濟因素

　　monetary forces:貨幣因素

　　(4)diversification: n.多種經(jīng)營;多元化

　　diversify: v.make diverse;give variety to:使不同;使變化

　　diversification of export:出口多樣化

　　diversification of risk:風險分散

　　(5)specialized bank:專業(yè)銀行

　　(6)wholly state-owned commercial bank:國有獨資商業(yè)銀行

　　Paragragh 10

　　3.The third phase began in 1993 when the State Council issued the Decision on Financial Reform, recognizing the urgent need for developing new financial markets, institutions and instruments.

　　第三階段始于1984年，那一年國務院頒發(fā)了《關于金融體制改革的決定》，強調(diào)了建立和發(fā)展新的金融市場、金融機構以及金融工具的重要性和緊迫性。

　　(1)Decision on Financial Reform:《關于金融體制改革的決定》

　　4.The government introduced a comprehensive package of measures aimed at restoring financial order as well as addressing the inflationary pressure and signs of overheating,particularly in the real estate sector and the stock markets.

　　政府采取了一系列措施以整頓金融秩序，應對通貨膨脹的壓力及經(jīng)濟過熱現(xiàn)象，尤其是房地產(chǎn)和股票市場的過熱現(xiàn)象。

　　(1)introduce(into;to):bring sth into use or into operation for the first time:采用;引進;提倡

　　例：introduce new ideas into a business:引進新觀念于一事業(yè)

　　(2)package:detailed plan:詳細的計劃

　　comprehensive: a.that comprehend much:包羅廣泛的;綜合性的

　　例：a complete package:整批

　　a comprehensive package of:一籃子;一系列

　　(3)aim at:have as a plan or intention:計劃;打算;以……為目標

　　(4)restore:make welll or normal again;bring back (to a former condition):使恢復健康或正常;使恢復(以前的情況)

　　例：Law and order were quickly restored after the attempted violence.那次暴亂之后，法律與秩序迅速恢復了。

　　(5)address:引導;指引

　　(6) inflationary pressure:通貨膨脹壓力

　　(7)(economic) overheating:經(jīng)濟過熱

　　(8)real estate:(legal)immovable property consisting of land,any natural resources,and buildings:(法律)房地產(chǎn);不動產(chǎn)

　　(9)stock market:股票市場

　　1.During this period a number of important structural measures have been taken with particular significance for the banking sector.

　　在這一階段中，政府對銀行部門進行了一系列具有重要意義的結構性調(diào)整。

　　(1)(take) structural measures:(進行)結構性調(diào)整;采取結構性調(diào)整措施

　　2.The first was the unification of the renminbi(RMB) exchange rates and foreign exchange markets in January 1994.

　　其中包括：第一，1994年1月實行了人民幣匯率并軌。

　　(1)unification of Renminbi exchange rates:人民幣匯率并軌

　　exchange rates:匯率

　　unification: n.being unified:統(tǒng)一;單一化

　　unify: v.form into one;unite:使合一;統(tǒng)一

　　3.Second, the passage of central banking and commercial banking laws in 1995 has provided legal basis for the banking system in China.

　　第二，1995年通過中央銀行法和商業(yè)銀行法為中國的銀行體制改革提供了法律依據(jù)。

　　(1)provide legal basis for…:為……提供法律依據(jù)

　　4.Third, the acceptance of the obligations of Article VIII of the Artiles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund in December 1996, namely commitment to RMB current account convertibility, has officially removed the remaining restrictions on international payments for trade and service transactions.

　　第三，1962年12月，我國接受國際貨幣基金協(xié)定第八條義務，承諾人民幣在經(jīng)常賬戶下可兌換，消除了官方對國際商品和服務貿(mào)易的外匯支付限制。

　　(1)Article VIII of the Artiles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund:國際貨幣基金組織協(xié)定第八條款

　　(2)RMB current account convertibility:人民幣在經(jīng)常項目下可兌換(第八條款的一項內(nèi)容)

　　5.Fourth, the establishment of a unified inter-bank money market in 1996 has facilitated better liquidity adjustment for financial institutions.

　　第四，1996年建立了統(tǒng)一的銀行間拆借市場，為金融機構調(diào)整流動性創(chuàng)造了更好的條件。

　　(1)interbank money market:銀行同業(yè)拆借市場

　　inter-:among;between:在……之中;在……中間

　　money market:貨幣市場

　　(2)liquidity adjustment:流動性調(diào)整

　　6.Fifth, the gradual shift from direct to indirect monetary policy instruments has greatly improved transimission of monetary policy and effectiveness of macroeconomic management.

　　第五，貨幣政策工具由直接到間接的逐漸改變，極大地改善了貨幣政策的傳導效果和宏觀經(jīng)濟管理效率。

　　(1)direct or indirect monetary policy instruments:直接或間接的貨幣政策工具

　　(2)transmission:傳遞;傳導(效果;機制)

　　(3)effectiveness of microeconomic management:宏觀經(jīng)濟管理效率

　　7.Sixth, the segregation of banking business from securities and insurance business has contributed to the stability of the financial system in a transition period characterized by massive instiutional changes,inadequate regulatory resources and insufficient self-discipline.

　　第六，在體制大幅調(diào)整，監(jiān)管能力不足以及行業(yè)自律意識不強的轉型時期，實現(xiàn)了銀行與證券業(yè)、保險業(yè)的分業(yè)經(jīng)營，保證了整個金融體制的穩(wěn)定。

　　(1)segregation: n.隔離;分開

　　segregate: vt.put apart from the rest;isolaate:隔離;分開

　　例：a policy of social segregation:種族隔離政策

　　(2)securities: (pl.)n.(復數(shù))證券、股票和債券的投資(表明某人擁有股票或債券的證明)

　　例：gilt-edged securities:金邊債券，優(yōu)等債券(對英國政府債券的投資)

　　listed securities:上市證券(可在證券交易所買賣的股票或在官方證券交易所掛牌的證券)

　　securities broker:證券經(jīng)紀人或交易商(以買賣證券為業(yè)的人)

　　(3)insurance: n.保險(投保人定期向保險公司支付小額資金，保險公司在投保人遭受損失、損害和傷害或死亡時給予補償?shù)膮f(xié)議)

　　例：life insurance:人壽保險

　　endowment insurance:養(yǎng)老保險(一種人壽保險，到期投保人可得到所保的金額，倘若投保人在到期前死亡，其繼承人可得到所保的金額)

　　general insurance:普通保險(涉及被盜、損失、損害等的保險，人壽險除外)

　　(4)contribute (to): v.have a share in;help to bring about:有助于;促成

　　(5)a transition period:過度時期;轉型時期

　　transition: n.changing,change,from one condition or set of circumstances to another:轉移;過度

　　(6)massive institutional change:大幅度的體制調(diào)整(變化)

　　massive: a.large,heavy and solid:大而重的;巨大的

　　institution: n.long-established law,customs, or group:由來已久的法律，風俗習慣或團體;體制

　　institutional: a.法律的;體制的

　　(7)inadequate regulatory resources:管理手段缺乏;監(jiān)管能力不足

　　inadequate: a.not adequate;insufficient:不適當?shù)?不充分的

　　regulate: vt.control systematically;cause to obey a rule or standard:有系統(tǒng)地管理;節(jié)制;使遵守規(guī)則或合標準

　　regulatory: a.管理的，控制的，調(diào)整的

　　例：regulatory power:管理權(實施政府法規(guī)的權力)

　　resource: n.sth which helps in dong sth,that can be turned to for support,help consolation:有助于做某事的辦法;解決困難或獲得成功之方法

　　(8)insufficient self-disicipline:自我約束不夠;自律(意識)不強;

　　insufficient: a.not sufficient:不充足的;不夠的

　　self-:(prefix):(前綴)表示"自我，自身..."

　　例：self-employed: a.非受雇傭的;個體經(jīng)營的

　　self-financing: n.自籌資金(公司從自有資金來源中籌集開發(fā)成本、購買固定資產(chǎn)的費用)

　　self-disicipline:自律;自我約束

　　1.In addition, three policy banks (the State Development Bank, the Agricultual Development Bank of China and the Export and Import Bank of China) were established in 1994 to facilitate the separation of policy banking from commercial banking operations.

　　此外，1994年國家成立了三家政策性銀行(國家開發(fā)銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行和中國進出口銀行)，從而促使了政策性銀行業(yè)務與商業(yè)銀行業(yè)務的分離。

　　(1)three policy bank:三家政策性銀行

　　the State Development Bank:國家開發(fā)銀行

　　the Agricultural Development Bank of China:中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行

　　the Export and Import Bank of China:中國進出口銀行

　　2.These policy-banking institutions have embarked on a track of steady development.

　　這些政策性金融機構已經(jīng)步入穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的軌道。

　　(1)embark on a track of steady development:進入穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的軌道

　　embark (on;upon):start;take part in:開始;從事

　　例：embark upon a new business undertaking:從事一項新的商業(yè)

　　track: n.course;line taken by sth:進程;路經(jīng)

　　3.They are playing an important role in financing major infrastructural projects and promoting agricultural development and international trade.

　　它們在國家重大基礎建設項目融資、促進農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和國際貿(mào)易等方面，發(fā)揮著重要的作用。

　　(1)to finance major infrastructural projects:對重大基礎建設項目融資

　　finance: v.provide money for (a scheme, project, etc):供(計劃、項目等)以經(jīng)費

　　infrastructure: n.the parts of a system that compose the shole:形成整體的一個系統(tǒng)之各部分;基礎;基本設施

　　infrastructural: a.of infrastructure: 基礎的;基本設施的

　　(2)promote: v.help to organize and start;help the progress of:提倡;促進

　　Paragragh 13

　　4.Through years of reform efforts, China has developed a banking system consisting mainly of the wholly state-owned commercial banks and joint-equity commercial banks under the supervision of the central bank, the People‘s Bank of China.

　　經(jīng)過多年的改革努力，中國已建立起了一個在中央銀行——中國人民銀行監(jiān)管下的以國有獨資商業(yè)銀行與股份制商業(yè)銀行為主體的銀行體系。

　　(1)the wholly state-owned commercial banks:國有獨資商業(yè)銀行

　　joint-equity commercial banks:股份制商業(yè)銀行

　　5.As of the end of 2000,China‘s banking system had three policy banks, four wholly state-owned commercial banks and more than 100 joint-equity commercial banks.

　　到2000年底，中國的銀行體系擁有三家政策性銀行，四家國有獨資商業(yè)銀行，以及100多家股份制商業(yè)銀行。

　　(1)as of:till:截止

　　5.The non-bank financial sector mainly consisted of trust and investment companies, securities firms, finance companies and insurance firms as well as many urban and rural credit cooperatiives.

　　非銀行金融機構主要包括投資公司、證券公司、財務公司、保險公司以及眾多城鄉(xiāng)信用合作社。

　　(1)non-bank financial sector:非銀行金融機構

　　(2)trust and investment company:信托投資公司

　　(3)securities firm:證券公司

　　(4)finance company:財務公司

　　(5)insurance firm:保險公司

　　(6)urban and rural credit cooperatives:城鄉(xiāng)信用合作社

　　1.The stabilization and adhustment efforts that began in 1993 brought the economy to a soft landing.

　　1993年政府開始實施穩(wěn)定和調(diào)整政策，實現(xiàn)了我國經(jīng)濟的軟著陸。

　　(1)bring the economy to a soft landing:實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的軟著陸

　　economy: n.system for the management and use of resources:經(jīng)濟(制度)

　　例：domestic economy:家庭經(jīng)濟;家政

　　national economy:國家經(jīng)濟

　　a soft landing:軟著陸

　　2.Inflation measured by retail price index declined from the peak of 21.7 percent in 1994 to 0.8 percent in 1997 and remained subdued in the following years while real GDP growth moderated gradully from 13.5 percent in 1993 to a more sustainable rate.

　　由零售物價指數(shù)來衡量的通貨膨脹率從1994年21.7%的高點下落到1997年的0.8%，并且在后來的幾年中一直被控制在一個較低的水平上，而國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值實際增長率也從1993年的13.5%逐漸回落到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的水平上。

　　(1)retail price index:零售物價指數(shù)

　　(2)decline: v.continue to become smaller,weaker,lower:繼續(xù)變小，變?nèi)酰兊?/p>

　　例：a declining birthrate:在下降中的出生率

　　declining sale:銷售不景氣

　　(3)subdue: vt.make quieter,softer,gentler:緩和;減弱

　　(4)moderate: v.make or become less violent or extreme:緩和;減輕;穩(wěn)定

　　(5)sustain: v.(enable to) keep up;maintain:(使能)維持;保持;

　　sustainable: a.

　　a more sustainable rate:可持續(xù)發(fā)展的水平上

　　3.The robust microeconomic growth has been sustained since then despite the negative impact of the Asian financial crisis.

　　此后，盡管受到亞洲金融危機的不利影響，中國宏觀經(jīng)濟仍然保持著強勁的增長勢頭。

　　(1)robust macroeconomic growth:強勁的宏觀經(jīng)濟增長

　　robust: a.vigorous;healthy:有活力的;健康的

　　macroeconomic: a.宏觀經(jīng)濟的

　　Asian financial crisis:亞洲金融危機

　　(2)negative impact:不利影響;負面影響

　　negative: a.expressing the absence of any positive character; that stops,hinders or makes powerless:消極的;反對的

　　(3)impact: n.strong impression or effect:強烈印象或影響

　　4.The external sector performance also improved significantly during the period.

　　在此期間，我國的涉外經(jīng)濟成績斐然。

　　(1)external sector:涉外(經(jīng)濟)部門;外貿(mào)企業(yè)

　　5.The strong export performance and capital inflow resulted in the increase of official foreign exchange reserves, from USD51.6 billion at the end of 1994 to nearly USD166 billion at the end of 2000.

　　出口和資本流入大幅度增加，官方外匯儲備從1994年底的516億美元增加到2000年底的1600億美元。

　　(1)capital inflow:資本流入

　　(2)official foreign exchange reserves:官方外匯儲備

　　6.The RMB exchange rate has remained stable.

　　人民幣匯率保持穩(wěn)定。

　　(1)RMB exchange rate:人民幣匯率

　　7.The implementation of the stabilization and structural measures has been a major factor underlying the resilience of the Chinese economy in the context of the crisis in Asian financial markets and the recent weakening of global economic activity.

　　宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定政策和結構調(diào)整措施，是我國經(jīng)濟在亞洲金融危機陰影籠罩和近年來全球經(jīng)濟疲弱的環(huán)境下，依然保持較快發(fā)展的一個重要因素。

　　(1)implementation: n. 實現(xiàn);完成

　　implement: v.carry an undertaking,agreement,promise into effect:實現(xiàn);完成(任務等)

　　(2)stabilization: 此處指"國家實施宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定政策"。

　　structural measures:(經(jīng)濟、行業(yè))結構性調(diào)整措施

　　(3)structure: n.way in which sth is put together,organized,etc:結構;構造

　　例：company‘s organizational structure:公司的組織結構

　　price structure:價格結構

　　capital structure of a company:公司的資本結構(公司資本構成的方式)

　　the company‘s salary structure:公司的工資構成(公司中不同工種不同工資的結構)

　　(4)resilience: n.quality or property of quickly recovering the original shape or condition after being pulled, [ressed,crushed,etc:彈性;回彈

　　(fig)power of recuperating quickly:(喻)迅速恢復的力量

　　(5)in the context of:在……背景(環(huán)境)下

　　context: n.circumstance in which an event occurs:(某一事件發(fā)生的)環(huán)境;背景

　　(6)weaken: v.make or become weak:使弱;變?nèi)?/p>

　　weakening:疲軟

　　Paragraph 15

　　8.Although capital market development is expected to speed up, banks in China, which currently provide about 75 percent of aggregate financing in the economy, are likely to continue to playing a dominant role in financing economic and technological development as well as the economic reform in the foreseeable future.

　　盡管中國資本市場的發(fā)展將會加快，目前占整個經(jīng)濟融資總量75%的銀行業(yè)在可以預見的將來，在為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和科技進步融資，以及經(jīng)濟(體制)改革中仍將發(fā)揮主導作用。

　　(1)Although…,banks in China…:整個句子是主從復合句，其中由Although…引導的"讓步狀語從句"，主句中又包括一個由which…引導的"非限制性定語從句"。

　　(2)expect: vt.think or believe that sth will happen or come:預期;期待

　　(3)are likely to…:that is expected to:很可能發(fā)生的……;有希望的……

　　(4)(in) financing economic and technological development:由financing引導的動名詞短語作"介詞in"的賓語。

　　方向。