英語句子成分分析法結(jié)構(gòu)解析
很多同學(xué)對英語的句子成分搞不懂,所以就影響了他們的閱讀和寫作,以及做其他類型題目的能力。今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)砹擞⒄Z句子成分分析,歡迎大家閱讀!
英語句子成分分析篇一
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。
例:劃出下列句子的主語,并在括號內(nèi)寫出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.( )
2. We often speak English in class.( )
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.( )
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( )
5. Smoking does harm to the health.( )
6. The rich should help the poor.( )
7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )
8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。
如:He practices running every morning.
2、復(fù)合謂語: (1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
例:劃出下列句子的表語,并在括號內(nèi)寫出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. Our teacher of English is an American.( )
2. Is it yours?( )
3. The weather has turned cold.( )
4. The speech is exciting.( )
5. Three times seven is twenty one?( )
6. His job is to teach English.( )
7. His hobby(愛好)is playing football.( )
8. The machine must be out of order.( )
9. Time is up. The class is over.( )
10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.( )
(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。
例:劃出下列句子的賓語,并在括號內(nèi)寫出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.( )
2. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.( )
3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.( )
4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.( )
5. He pretended not to see me.( )
6. I enjoy listening to popular music.( )
7. I think(that)he is fit for his office.( )
賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),
例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英語句子成分分析篇二
賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。
例:劃出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語,并在括號內(nèi)寫出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. His father named him Dongming.( )
2. They painted their boat white.( )
3. Let the fresh air in.( )
4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.( )
5. We saw her entering the room.( )
6. We found everything in the lab in good order.( )
7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.( )
定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
例:劃出下列句子的定語,并在括號內(nèi)寫出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.( )
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.( )
3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.( )
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( )
5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.( )
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.( )
7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.( )
狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語)
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)
在括號內(nèi)寫出下列狀語種類:
How about meeting again at six?( )
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.( ) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.( )
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.( )
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.( )
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.( )
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.( ) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.( )
She works very hard though she is old.( )
I am taller than he is.( )
英語句子成分分析篇三
簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
(一)句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種:
1)陳述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):
Do they like skating? How old is he?
Is he six or seven years old?
Mary can swim, can’t she?
3)祈使句:Be careful, boys.
Don’t talk in class.
4)感嘆句:How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
1)簡單句:只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復(fù)合句:含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。
復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。
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