新托福閱讀有幾篇文章
對(duì)于沒(méi)考過(guò)托福的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，可能并不清楚托?？荚囆枰紟灼?a href='http://m.rzpgrj.com/yu/wenzhang/' target='_blank'>文章，今天學(xué)習(xí)啦就再為大家講解一下新托福閱讀有幾篇文章的內(nèi)容，希望為大家提供幫助。
新托福閱讀有幾篇文章
新托?？荚囬喿x部分約為60到100分鐘，包括3到5篇文章，每篇650至750個(gè)單詞，每篇對(duì)應(yīng)12至14道試題。題目類型包括：圖表題(schematic table)，篇章總結(jié)題(prose summary)(從給出的選項(xiàng)中選擇能夠概括文章內(nèi)容的句子)，詞匯題(vocabulary)(在一定的上下文中)，指代關(guān)系題(reference)，簡(jiǎn)化句子題(sentence simplification)，插入文本題(insert text)，事實(shí)信息題(factual information)，推斷題(inference)，修辭目的題(rhetorical purpose)以及否定排除題(negative factual information)(例如，下列各項(xiàng)均正確除……之外。)在完成答題的過(guò)程中，考生可以使用“復(fù)查”功能瞬間找出沒(méi)有回答的題目，而不必每道題都檢查一遍。
“托?？荚囬喿x部分要考幾篇”
新托福考試閱讀高分技巧：從兩大題型入手突破
新托?？荚囬喿x部分可以概括為兩種題型，包括基礎(chǔ)理解題和篇章應(yīng)用題?；A(chǔ)理解題重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目的理解，特別是考生根據(jù)文章的詞匯、句法和語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容理解把握重要信息的能力。具體分析起來(lái)，新托福的基礎(chǔ)理解題除插入文本題和修辭目的題外，主要仍是舊托福出現(xiàn)過(guò)的傳統(tǒng)題型。
篇章應(yīng)用題不僅僅要求根據(jù)詞匯、句法和語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容理解具體的點(diǎn)和大意，而且要求認(rèn)定文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和目的。對(duì)全篇有系統(tǒng)深入的理解，從而進(jìn)行重構(gòu)是篇章應(yīng)用題的關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)。它要求考生能從文章提取和記憶重要的信息并將其應(yīng)用在新的情境中。如果考生能在頭腦中抽象出一個(gè)框架，他就必然能根據(jù)課文重構(gòu)中心思想和相關(guān)重要信息。
在了解了新托福考試閱讀題型和高分應(yīng)對(duì)技巧后，考生們通過(guò)實(shí)踐和練習(xí)應(yīng)該能在該部分拿到滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。
托福閱讀材料練習(xí)：澳洲殺人松果
傳說(shuō)澳大利亞是一個(gè)危機(jī)四伏的地方，那里有致命的毒蛇，海灘里潛伏著蜇人的水母和吃人的鯊魚。倘若說(shuō)動(dòng)物很可怕也就算了，在澳大利亞松果也能殺人!開始看題目，我覺得這不是扯淡嗎?北京的松果大了去了也就半個(gè)拳頭大，就算美國(guó)大松塔也就是一個(gè)拳頭左右，可是看了澳大利亞的松塔，我徹底折服了。
As travel writer Bill Bryson pointed out in his book In a Sunburned Country, Australia “has more things that will kill you than anywhere else” — including poisonous snakes and jellyfish, crocodiles, and sharks. If you’re traveling to the Land Down Under, be wary of those things — but now add pine cones to that list. That’s right; according to Australia’s ABC News, there are huge pine cones dropping from above in the town of Warragul, Victoria (about 65 miles east of Melbourne), just outside the Courthouse Hotel where travelers should be finding refuge.
“These things are enormous,” said Warragul Mayor Diane Blackwood, describing the potentially lethal pine cones of the Bunya pine tree on the hotel grounds, which is 120-years-old and on their historical heritage list. “They are the size of a watermelon, falling literally out of the sky from potentially 20 meters high… So you wouldn’t want to be under one, I tell you.”
The watermelon-sized pine cones weigh up to 22 lbs. each, which is heavier than most bowling balls. Try to imagine one of those falling on your head and cracking your skull; it won’t be pretty. So be careful when traveling to Warrugul; it may be a good idea to look up when you’re walking down under.
托福閱讀材料練習(xí)：天生天養(yǎng)孩子更健康
目前，嬰幼兒食品的安全問(wèn)題再度引起全社會(huì)的關(guān)注，怎樣撫養(yǎng)嬰兒也成了大家共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，專家給出的建議是：天生天養(yǎng)孩子更健康。
Many experts advise common sense. "We don't want to say to children, 'OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can, but we can say there's nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don't have to live in total sanitation, and they won't die from eating something off the floor. It's probably more healthy than not."
許多專家建議人們憑常識(shí)辦事。“我們不會(huì)對(duì)孩子們說(shuō)：‘好，去骯臟的河邊玩吧，想抓什么就抓什么。但可以這樣講，小孩子玩泥巴沒(méi)什么大不了的，他們不必生活在完全干凈的環(huán)境中，也不會(huì)因?yàn)槌缘舻降厣系摹|西就死掉。這樣說(shuō)不定會(huì)使他們更健康。”
On a small family farm in Mongolia, a rooster struts around little Bayar's bed, a goat drinks from his bathwater and livestock serve as babysitters.
在蒙古國(guó)一個(gè)家庭小農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，一只大公雞在小小的巴亞爾的床邊來(lái)回踱步，一只山羊過(guò)來(lái)喝他的洗澡水，周圍的家畜就是照料他的保姆。
By contrast, Mari, growing up in high-rise, high-tech Tokyo, and Hattie, whose doting parents live a "green" lifestyle in San Francisco, both have modern conveniences and sanitation.
與此形成鮮明對(duì)比的是，瑪麗出生在高樓林立的科技之城東京，海蒂的父母將其視為掌上明珠，在舊金山過(guò)著“綠色”的生活方式，兩個(gè)孩子都享受著便捷的現(xiàn)代生活和干凈的衛(wèi)生環(huán)境。
Statistically, Mari and Hattie are healthier. Some 42 out of 1,000 children in Namibia, and 41 out of 1,000 in Mongolia die before their 5th birthday; compared with only 8 in 1,000 in the U.S. and only 4 in Japan.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，瑪麗和海蒂的身體更健康。在納米比亞，每1000個(gè)孩子中約有42個(gè)在過(guò)五歲生日前夭折，蒙古為41個(gè);而在美國(guó)和日本，這一數(shù)字僅為8個(gè)和4個(gè)。
Yet the upscale urban infants are at higher risk for some health problems -- including allergies, asthma and autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease -- than the babies in the rural developing world.
不過(guò)，城市里的寶寶雖然生活條件優(yōu)越，但與欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家農(nóng)村地區(qū)的寶寶相比，患上某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高，包括過(guò)敏癥、哮喘，以及1型糖尿病、多發(fā)性硬化和炎癥性腸病等自身免疫性疾病。
Now, there's research that suggests there may be a way to get the best of both worlds.
現(xiàn)在，有一項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為，也許有一種方法可以拉近兩個(gè)世界的距離，讓彼此取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短。
According to the "hygiene hypothesis," first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a child's immune system, much like sensory experiences program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go haywire and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet dander or turn on the body's own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders.
根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說(shuō)” (hygiene hypothesis)理論，孩子在成長(zhǎng)早期如果接觸多種病毒、細(xì)菌和寄生蟲，將有利于其免疫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，似乎這樣能促進(jìn)大腦對(duì)其做出更好的防御準(zhǔn)備。反之，如果缺乏這類早期接觸，免疫系統(tǒng)就可能出現(xiàn)紊亂，做出過(guò)激反應(yīng)，如對(duì)食物、花粉和寵物毛屑過(guò)敏等，或者引發(fā)人體機(jī)理問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)自身免疫失調(diào)。
Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years--the so-called "old friends" theory. But where they've been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off.
數(shù)百萬(wàn)年以來(lái)，許多微生物與人類形成一種共生共棲的關(guān)系，就像我們的“老朋友”一樣;如果我們將某種微生物連根拔除，就等于錯(cuò)過(guò)了人體進(jìn)化歷程中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。
"The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections," says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern University.
“絕大多數(shù)微生物都是無(wú)害的，只有幾十種微生物會(huì)引發(fā)致命感染?！泵绹?guó)西北大學(xué)人體生物研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任麥克·戴德說(shuō)道。
There are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal feces. Nearly 70% of the 8.8 million deaths of children under age 5 world-wide in 2008 were caused by infectious diseases, most frequently pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria, according to an analysis in the Lancet last week.
但臟水和動(dòng)物排泄物也潛藏著其他一些危險(xiǎn)。英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》2010年五月中旬發(fā)表的一篇分析報(bào)告稱，在2008年全球880萬(wàn)5歲前夭折的孩子中，有近70%死于感染性疾病，最常見的是肺炎、痢疾和瘧疾。
Scientists are still working on ways to separate good germs from bad ones; in the meantime, they have a few insights: Studies have shown that children who grow up with household pets have fewer allergies and less asthma than those who don't.
科學(xué)家仍在尋找辦法把好的微生物與壞的微生物區(qū)分開來(lái)，在此過(guò)程中，他們有了幾點(diǎn)深入發(fā)現(xiàn)。研究表明，從小和家庭寵物一起長(zhǎng)大的孩子患過(guò)敏癥和哮喘病的幾率較低。
Michael Bell, an infectious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. "If you're not doing it 10 times a day, you're probably not doing it enough," he says.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心醫(yī)療質(zhì)量改進(jìn)部副主任及感染病專家貝爾說(shuō)，人們應(yīng)該警惕傷口感染，因?yàn)橐坏┎《厩秩胙?，就?huì)造成各種問(wèn)題。他還是提倡人們勤洗手。“一天至少要洗10次手?！必悹栒f(shuō)。
But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread.
不過(guò)，他和其他一些專家表示，在大多數(shù)情況下，洗手用普通的肥皂和水就行了。手部消毒主要適用于醫(yī)療工作者以及醫(yī)院場(chǎng)所內(nèi)，因?yàn)獒t(yī)院里的致病微生物較多，而且容易傳播開來(lái)。
托福閱讀材料練習(xí)：夫妻為何越長(zhǎng)越像
別再尋找和你互補(bǔ)的愛人了，我們需要和自己相似的愛人，因?yàn)橄嗨频南嗝惨馕吨覀冇邢嗨频膫€(gè)性。
Forget about opposites attracting. We like people who look like us, because they tend to have personalities similar to our own。
新的研究顯示，和某人在一起時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，我們和他的長(zhǎng)相就越相似。
And, a new study suggests, the longer we are with someone, the more similarities in appearance grow。
研究人員選取160對(duì)夫妻的單人照片，分別給11名的男性和11名女性看，讓他們判斷這些夫妻的年齡、魅力點(diǎn)和性格特征。但是在此之前，他們并不知道誰(shuí)和誰(shuí)是一對(duì)。
Researcher sat Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, found that workers who enjoyed more work flexibility were also less likely to say health problems affected their performance at work。
22名參與者把他們認(rèn)為相貌和性格相似的人擺在一起，而他們也恰恰就是真正的夫妻。而且，在一起生活時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)的夫妻，相似性就越明顯。
The test participants rated men and woman who were actual couples as looking alike and having similar personalities. Also,the longer the couples had been together, the greater the perceived similarities。
研究人員認(rèn)為共同的經(jīng)歷造成了他們的相似性。
The researchers speculate that the sharing of experiences might affect how couples look。
英國(guó)利物浦研究人員托尼·利特爾說(shuō)：相貌和性格之間有關(guān)系這一想法聽起來(lái)有點(diǎn)怪異，但卻是有生物學(xué)依據(jù)的。
The idea that there is a connection between appearance and personality might seem odd at first, but there could be biological reasons for alink, said study member Tony Little from the University of Liverpool in England。
他說(shuō)：“睪丸激素直接影響男性化的臉型形成，也影響人的行為。臉可以反映我們的情緒，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間重復(fù)一個(gè)表情也會(huì)改變我們的臉。”
"Testosteroneis linked to masculine face shapes and it also affects behavior,"Little said. "Also, the face displays our emotions and over time emotional expressions may become written in the face."
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