托福閱讀方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO簡單句&復(fù)雜句
本文幫助大家撥開托福閱讀TPO簡單句&復(fù)雜句這兩種句式。學(xué)習(xí)啦為大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO簡單句&復(fù)雜句，希望對大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩盡請關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)啦!
托福閱讀方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO簡單句&復(fù)雜句
Timberline Vegetation On Mountains
The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
托福閱讀權(quán)威解析
在老師看來，英語中所有的句子只會分為兩種：
1??簡單句，也叫基本句
2??復(fù)雜句
那么今天老師就一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地幫助大家撥開這兩種句式。
所謂基本句，就是英語在最簡單句子中的基本格局，也是千變?nèi)f化的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的雛形。現(xiàn)代英語的基本句型主要有五種，它們是：
主-動-補(bǔ)(動詞就是我們所說的系動詞)
主-動(動詞就是我們所說的不及物動詞)
主-動-賓(動詞也就是我們所說的及物動詞)
主-動-賓-賓(老師就把它當(dāng)成第三種類型的引申吧!)
主-動-賓-補(bǔ)(這個(gè)復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)，但是我們經(jīng)?？吹降膭釉~固定表達(dá)就是屬于這一種)
復(fù)雜句呢，就真真的有些復(fù)雜了，但是簡言之，也就是我們老師經(jīng)常說的“從句”。在我看來，從句的目的也是英語語言邏輯的精髓就是“修飾關(guān)系”，也就是在一個(gè)句子里表達(dá)更多的內(nèi)容和信息。起到的作用，老師給大家舉一些例子，你們就清清楚楚了。
在這個(gè)憂傷而明媚的三月，我從我單薄的青春里打馬而過，穿過紫堇，穿過木棉，穿過時(shí)隱時(shí)現(xiàn)的悲喜和無常。--郭敬明
大家看小四的這個(gè)句子，明明就是一個(gè)單句，雖然有“在”，但是后面卻接的是一個(gè)“三月”。整個(gè)句子的主語是“我”
跟別人告別的時(shí)候用力一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槟愣嗾f一句，可能就是最后一句，多看一眼，可能就是最后一眼……--韓寒
這典型有一個(gè)原因狀語從句嘛。主句卻還是一個(gè)“祈使句”。
那么我們就好好把托福TPO里的文章句子進(jìn)行分析，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)真心不難。
The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slop isoften a dramatic one.
是不是肢解開的句子分析起來簡單多了，那么大家能不能一眼看到句子的核心了呢?
這句話的核心含義是：過渡帶很劇烈。
Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, treesdisappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses.
這句話的意思是：在…，樹消失…和被…代替。
This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line.
這句話的意思是：這個(gè)什么什么的“地帶”叫”balabala“。
In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
這句話里有了where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，但是把它找出來也就不難理解句子了。
這句話的意思為：在…, 有timberline，(一堆東西修飾了timberline)
托福閱讀單詞與表達(dá)：
transition [?tr?n?z??n] n. 過渡帶
forest [?f?r?st] n. 森林
treeless [?tri?l?s] adj. 無數(shù)木的
tundra [?t?ndr?] n. 苔原，凍原
mountain [?ma?nt?n] n. 山
slope [sl??p] n. 斜坡
dramatic [dr??m?t?k] adj. 劇烈的
vertical [?v??t?kl] adj. 垂直的
distance [?d?st?ns] n. 距離
shrub [?r?b] n. 灌木(可數(shù))
herb [h??b] n. 草木
timberline [?t?mb?r?la?n] n. 林木線
semiarid adj. 半干旱的
steppe [step] n. 干草原
desert [?dez?t] n. 沙漠
be lack of sth. 缺乏
a lack of sth. 缺乏
托福閱讀長難句100句：冰川
今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：
The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (53, OG)
penetrate /'pen?tre?t/ v. 進(jìn)入或穿過某物;充滿，遍布
compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 將(某物)緊壓在一起
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )
分析：
大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，我把句子拆短了之后，就容易理解多了。請大家仔細(xì)看我的分析。
修飾一： (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet))，介詞短語，修飾the iceshelf cores，修飾成分一般放后面哦
中文：總長為215米(705英尺)
修飾二：(to penetrate through glacial ice)，非謂語動詞
中文：穿透冰川冰
修飾三：(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)，從句，修飾glacial ice，修飾成分一般放后面哦
中文：由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡
修飾四：(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice)，非謂語動詞
中文：繼續(xù)進(jìn)入清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰
修飾五：(formed from seawater) ，非謂語動詞，修飾the clear, bubble-free ice
中文：由海水形成
修飾六：(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ，從句，修飾seawater
中文：凝固在冰川冰底部
主干：括號外面的，The iceshelf cores were long enough，主和謂語中間被解詞短語with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔開了，大家要注意
參考翻譯：
總長為215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡)的冰川冰，隨后穿透清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰，這些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
托福閱讀長難句100句：波利尼西亞人
今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (46, TPO5)
maroon /m?'ru?n/ v. 放逐到無人島上，使孤立
adrift /?'dr?ft/ adj. 漂流的，漂泊的
feat /fi?t/ n. 功績，偉業(yè)
deliberate /d?'l?b?r?t/ adj. 故意的，刻意的
set out 從某地出發(fā)
stock v. 貯備，貯存
domesticate /d?'m?st?ket/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動物等)
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )
分析：
修飾一：(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift)，從句，修飾arguments
中文：波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)
修飾二：在上一個(gè)從句里還有一個(gè)省略的從句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)
修飾三：(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. )，從句，修飾expeditions，注意這里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. )，非謂語動詞修飾set out
中文：出發(fā)時(shí)充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物
主干：大家注意，(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.)， it seems reasonable中的 it指代這個(gè)從句，真正的主語是這個(gè)從句
參考翻譯：
和某些人的觀點(diǎn)相反，這些觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)，另外一種觀點(diǎn)似乎更加合理，認(rèn)為這些功績是通過故意的并且出發(fā)時(shí)充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物的殖民探險(xiǎn)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語動詞和從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
托福閱讀長難句100句：侵略性
希望大家一句一句堅(jiān)持看下去，原因在于，看得越來越多，你就發(fā)現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律特別明顯，玩來玩去就是那幾個(gè)，你把不明白的地方好好理解，問問老師，弄明白了，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)速度越來越快。
大家一定要多測測自己看句子的速度有沒有變快，然后大家再去閱讀其它英文材料，看看速度有沒有變快呢?如果沒有，原因是什么呢?詞匯還是句子結(jié)構(gòu)?找到原因就好。
今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：
For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (45, OG)
aggression n. 侵略
justified adj. 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
unjust adj. 不公正的，不公平的
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
For example, people (who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--) are likely to act aggressively, whereas people (who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust), or (who think that aggression is never justified), are less likely to behave aggressively.
分析：
修飾一：(who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--)，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個(gè)從句(that aggression is necessary and justified)
中文：相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期)
修飾二：(who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust) ，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個(gè)從句(that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust)
中文：相信一場特別的戰(zhàn)爭或侵略行為是不公正的人們
修飾三：(who think that aggression isnever justified)，從句，修飾people，
中文：認(rèn)為侵略從來不是合理的人們
主干部分：表示對比的句子：people are likely to act aggressively whereas people are less likely to behave aggressively.
參考翻譯：
例如，相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期)的人們就有可能行為有侵略性;然而，相信一場特別的戰(zhàn)爭或侵略行為是不公正的，或者，認(rèn)為侵略從來不是合理的人們，就少有可能行為有侵略性。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
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