中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)精華版最新

中考英語正在備考復(fù)習(xí)中,那么英語有哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)是需要你注重復(fù)習(xí)的呢?一起來看看吧。以下是小編準(zhǔn)備的一些中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)精華版，僅供參考。

中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1英語詞類

十種：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。

1、名詞(n.)：表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.

2、代詞(pron.)：主要用來代替名詞。如：who,she,you,it.

3、形容詞(adj..)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.

4、數(shù)詞(num.)：表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.

5、動(dòng)詞(v.)：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：am,is,are,have,see.

6、副詞(adv.)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.

7、冠詞(art..)：用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。如：a,an,the.

8、介詞(prep.)：表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in,on,from,above,behind.

9、連詞(conj.)：用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and,but,before.

10、感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.

2句子成分

1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打掃房間)

3、表語在系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼這個(gè)詞)

有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)

有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)

5、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個(gè)大城市)

6、狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語)

3八種基本時(shí)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。

常和always,often,usually,sometimes,every day等表時(shí)間的狀語連用。

構(gòu)成：1)主語+be(am/are/is)+……

2)主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞/三單動(dòng)詞+…

2.一般過去時(shí)

概念:1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).

常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用.如:yesterday，last week，in 1998，two days ago等.

2)也可表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.

構(gòu)成:1)主語+be(was/were)+……

2)主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式+

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

概念:表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.

構(gòu)成:主語+助動(dòng)詞be(am/are/is+動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成.

4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

概念:表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.這一特定的過去時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示外,一般用時(shí)間狀語來表示.

構(gòu)成:主語+助動(dòng)詞be(was/were)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成.

5.一般將來時(shí)

概念:表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用,如:tomorrow,next week,next year,in the future等.

構(gòu)成:1)主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)原+…

2)主語+be goingto+動(dòng)原+….

6.過去將來時(shí)

概念:表示在過去將來的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).

構(gòu)成:1)主語(第一人稱)+助動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)原+…

2)主語+would+動(dòng)原+….

3)主語+was/ were going to+動(dòng)原…

用法:過去將來時(shí)除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài).

7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:主語+助動(dòng)詞(have/has)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+…

用法:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.

8.過去完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:主語+助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+…

用法

表示過去在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作.它表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是”過去的過去”.表示過去某一時(shí)間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語,也可用when,before,等引導(dǎo)的從句或者通過上下文表示.

4構(gòu)詞法

1、合成法：如：spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等。

2、派生法：

(1)派生名詞：①動(dòng)詞+er/or②動(dòng)詞+ing③動(dòng)詞+(t)ion④形容詞+ness⑤其他,如：inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge

(2)派生形容詞：①名詞+y②名詞+ful③動(dòng)詞+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩國名+(i)an如：snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious

(3)派生副詞：①形容詞+ly②其它,如：slowly,angrily,full→fully,good→well,possible→possibly等等。

3、轉(zhuǎn)換法：

(1)形容詞→動(dòng)詞,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干),clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄干凈),等等。

(2)動(dòng)詞→名詞,如：look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等。

(3)名詞→動(dòng)詞,如：hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對(duì))等等。

(4)形容詞→副詞,如：early→early,fast→fast等等。

(5)副詞→連詞,如：when(什么時(shí)候)→(當(dāng)……時(shí)候),等等。

(6)介詞→副詞,如：in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。

中考英語常考語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

英語語法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)(一)

(一) 形容詞和副詞I.要點(diǎn)A.形容詞1、形容詞的用法　　形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語。如：He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.

某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of thecity.

The English like to be with their families.

多個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：　　冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wallpapers.

2、形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式　(1)規(guī)則形式　　一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; --est 來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)mostimportant

(2)不規(guī)則形式good(well)-better-best bad(ill)-worse-worst many(much)-more-most little-less-least

(3)形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than. 如：Heis cleverer than the other boys. Thisone is more beautiful than that one.

②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the +形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in) …"如：Heis the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as +形容詞原級(jí)+as". 如：Heis as tall as I. I have as manybooks as you.

④越… 越…

例如：Themore I learn, the happier I am.

⑤ You can neverbe too careful. 越小心越好　　又如：Youcan never praise the teacher too highly.

你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過分。⑥ I have neverspent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。Ihave never had a better dinner.

這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。⑦ My English isno better than yours.　　我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B.副詞1、副詞的種類　(1)時(shí)間副詞如：ago, before,already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

(2)地點(diǎn)副詞如：here, there, near,around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3)方式副詞如：carefully,angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4)程度副詞如：almost, nearly,much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。2、副詞比較等級(jí)的用法　　其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如：Ofall the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

Wemust work harder.

3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

(1) already, yet,still

already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：We'vealready watched that film.

Ihaven't finished my homework yet.

Hestill works until late every night.

(2) too, as well,also, either

too,as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：Hewent there too.

Hedidn't go there either.

Ilike you as well.

Ialso went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：Iwork hard every day.

Ican hardly remember that.

(4) late, lately

lately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：Henever comes late.

Haveyou been to the museum lately?

II.例題　　例1Tom's father thinks he is already ____

Ahigh enough B tall enough

Cenough high C enough tall

解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。　　例2____ the worse I seem to be.

AWhen I take more medicine

BThe more medicine I take

CTaking more of the medicine

DMore medicine taken

解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+… , the +形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven't been to London yet".

"Ihaven't been there ____".

Atoo Balso Ceither D neither

解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"?！　±?Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

Adeep Bdeeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。

(二)介詞

I.要點(diǎn)1、介詞和種類　　(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about,across, before, beside, for , to, without等?！　?2)復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, alongwith, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系　　(1)和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agree with, askfor, belong to, break away from, care about等。　　(2)和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angrywith, different from, good at

(3)和名詞的搭配，如answer to , keyto, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just,badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：Hecame right after dinner.

Helives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例

(1) at, on, in(表時(shí)間)　　表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o'clock,at midnight等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, atChristmas等?！　≈改程煊胦n,如onMonday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning,on the afternoon of September lst等?！　≈搁L于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between, 如I'msitting between Tom and Alice.

Thevillage lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Heis the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：　He sat beside me.What do you wantbesides this?

(4)in the tree, onthe tree

inthe tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹上，而on the tree 指果實(shí)、樹葉長在樹上(5)on the way, in theway, by the way, in this way

onthe way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道　by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法(6)in the corner, atthe corner

inthe corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, onthe morning

inthe morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the bus

bybus 是一般說法on the bus 特指乘某一輛.

II.例題　　例1Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides,　　意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎?　　例2He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

Aon B at C in D during

解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A?！　±?I'm looking forward ____your letter.

Ato B in C at D on

解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。

(三)連詞

I.要點(diǎn)1、連詞的種類　　(1)并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or,both…and, either…or, neither…nor等?！　?2)從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether,when, after, as soon as等。　　除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。

2、常用連詞舉例(1)and和，并且They drank andsang all night.

(2)both…and 和，既…也…Both my parents and I went there.

(3)but 但是，而　I'msad, but he is happy.

(4)either…or 或…或…，要么…要么…Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5)for因?yàn)椤asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而，可是　Af first, hedidn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7)neither…nor 既不…也不　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8)not only…but(also) 不但…而且…He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9)or 或者，否則Hurryup, or you'll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10)so 因此，所以It'sgetting late, so I must go.

(11)although 雖然　Although it was late, they went on working.

(12)as soon as 一 …就　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13)because 因?yàn)椤e didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14)unless 除非，如果不　I won't go unlessit is fine tomorrow.

(15)until 直到…He didn't leaveuntil eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))

Hestayed there until eleven.

(16)while 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)

Mypen is red while his is blue.

(17)for 因?yàn)椤e was ill, for hedidn't come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來的)

(18)since自從…I have lived heresince my uncle left.

(19)hardly… when 一… 就　I had hardly gotto the station when the train left.

(20)as far as 就… 來說As far as I know,that country is very small. You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

II.例題　　例1John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

Aas well B as well as C so well D so well as

解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。和…一樣好為as well as.故該題正確答案為B?！　±?She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talkingabout my daughter.

Awhen B where C which D while

解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。　　例3Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A.and B. then C. or D. otherwise

解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

英語語法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)(二)

(四)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

I.要點(diǎn)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)　(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes,always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.

3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)　主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般將來時(shí)　表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般過去時(shí)　表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：　It happened many years ago.

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)　表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：　What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、過去完成時(shí)　表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般過去將來時(shí)　表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：　He said he would come, but he didn't.

9、被動(dòng)語態(tài)　被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。

II.例題

例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語，而不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。

(五)動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣

I.要點(diǎn)　表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中?！?、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

注：如果條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to yourparty.

2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用　(1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) +動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中?！【湫鸵唬篒t is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

(2)在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order,command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

(3)在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

(4)在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：We received order that the work be done at once.

(5)在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過去式"或 "should +動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

II.例題　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes B came C should come D will come

解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)表示?！±? Had she been older, she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done

C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為B。

(六)短語動(dòng)詞

I.要點(diǎn)　英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞　常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at,hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞　常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞　常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catchup with等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：All his money added up to no more than 0.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞　常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞　常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞　常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

(7)辨析give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)put away(放起，收起)和 put out (撲滅)turn up(出席，放大)和 turn on (打開)keep out(阻止)和 keep off (不讓靠近)make up(編造，補(bǔ)上)和 make out(辨認(rèn))take off(脫，起飛)和 take out(拿出)

(七)動(dòng)詞不定式

I.要點(diǎn)　1、不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞write為例。

2、不定式的句法功能　(1)作主語To hear from you is nice.

To be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動(dòng)詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.

It's not easy to be a good teacher.

(2)作賓語　通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember,agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.

Please remember to write to me.

(3)作表語

My job is to pick up letters.

He seemed to have heard nothing.

(4)作定語　不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：　I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.

(5)作賓補(bǔ)　通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause,force等詞后。如：He ordered her to leave at once.He wasforced to obey his order.

(6)作狀語He got up early to catch the first bus.

He worked hard to catch up with the other students.

(7)作獨(dú)立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.

(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I don't know how to choose them.

I cannot decide where to go.

(9)不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go.

(10)不定式的完成式。如：He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.

The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

(11)too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He was too excited to go to sleep.

He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂意去)

(12)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：The book is easy to read.

I have a book to read.

II.例題　例1 I haven't got a chair ____.

A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting

解析：該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語，修飾名詞chair. 因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ胶退揎椀拿~間是"動(dòng)賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞，故此處on不能省略?！±? He was made ____.

A go B gone C going D to go

解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動(dòng)形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。

例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.

A to be built B built

C to build D to building

解析：該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。

(八)動(dòng)名詞

I.要點(diǎn)　動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能?！?、動(dòng)名詞的形式，以write為例。

否定式 not +動(dòng)名詞　2、動(dòng)名詞的用法　(1)作主語Playing football is my favorite sport.

Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.

作主語的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長時(shí)，可用it作形式主語。如：　It is funtravelling with friends at weekend.

(2)作賓語I enjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five yearsago.

(3)作表語What he hated most was doing nothing.Seeing is believing.

動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。(4)作定語There's a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed.

(5)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"物主代詞(或名詞的所有格)+動(dòng)名詞"。如：Tom's going home late made her mother angry. Would you mind my opening the window?

不過，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時(shí)，必須用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。①無生命名詞The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.

Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.

②有生命名詞，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?

③兩個(gè)以上的有生命的名詞并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you thatday?

3.后面常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,

keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,

be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,

can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,

look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,

devote to doing, lead to doing

II.例題　例1 She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.

A going B to go C for going D went

解析：該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞，后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語　例2 The garden needs ____.

A water B watering C to water D watered

解析：該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語，此三者后要接動(dòng)名詞或to be done這一結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語?！±? Excuse me ____ you.

A interrupting B to interrupt

C interrupted D to have interrupted

解析：該題正確答案為A。excuse 后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，此句中的me為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(常用于口語中)。

(九)分詞

I.要點(diǎn)　分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，表主動(dòng)。過去分詞及物動(dòng)詞表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，表被動(dòng)。過去分詞不及物動(dòng)詞表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，表主動(dòng)。過去分詞的句法功能：　1、作定語I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.

The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend ofmine.

2、作表語When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.

I'm interested in this book.

3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語I'm going to have my bike repaired.

When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.

4、作狀語Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.

現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能。

1、作狀語Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city wasbeautiful.

Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.

2、作賓語I hate being spoken ill of.

He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.

3、作表語Seeing is believing.

The book is interesting.

4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語I noticed him crossing the street.

Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.

5、作定語Do you know the man writing a letter?

The worker running a machine is my brother.

分詞使用中的幾個(gè)問題1、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.

2、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式

Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.

3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的不同　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there.

4、have結(jié)構(gòu)We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car. Wehave Tom repair the car.

We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.

5、分詞作表語We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting.

6、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.

中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧

首先，我們分析客觀題的題目設(shè)置。主要有三種形式：

一、細(xì)節(jié)題;

二、概括題;

三、推測(cè)題。

那么，什么是細(xì)節(jié)題呢?就是那些考查文章中有關(guān)事情發(fā)生的具體細(xì)節(jié)的題目，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件經(jīng)過、方式、結(jié)果等;什么是概括題呢，就是從文章的整體層面上設(shè)置的一類綜合性題目，如：為文章選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目、推測(cè)本文作者想要表達(dá)的中心思想以及寫作目的等;最后一種推測(cè)題是這幾種題型中難度最大的，它需要建立在對(duì)整篇文章內(nèi)容熟悉掌握的基礎(chǔ)上，主要出題形式有根據(jù)文章的上下文，猜測(cè)某一個(gè)單詞或者短語在該情景中的具體含義，根據(jù)所給的部分文章內(nèi)容，推測(cè)文章的結(jié)尾等。